Staircase Dimensions - How to Calculate Properly

Staircase measurements are a significant piece of staircase security. This page covers the entirety of the significant staircase estimations and a slip-up to keep an eye out for! Staircase dimensions are an important part of staircase safety. Here isn this article we cover all of the important staircase measurements and mistakes not to ignore.

Treads and Risers: The tread size (min 10ins/25.4cm) is directed by the normal grown-up foot size, despite the fact that it isn't important to have the option to accommodate your whole foot on a tread all together for strolling up the stairs to be both agreeable and safe.

The riser height (max 7¾ins/19.7cm) is constrained by the manner by which we descend the stairs. Things being what they are, you could move up definitely more than 7¾ inches effectively and you could descend unquestionably more than 7¾ inches effectively on the off chance that you are confronting in reverse. The rungs of a stepping stool are set at progressively like 12ins/30cm separated. However, we go down the stairs confronting advances, and it's this that restrains the riser size to being a lot smaller.

The most extreme measurement between balusters is 6ins/15.2cm. I don't know for certain what this depends on, however I'm thinking the thought is that it shouldn't be anything but difficult to get a foot or arm caught in the middle of a baluster. Having said that there are a lot of staircase plans where the external handrail has greater holes or is missing through and through.

Staircase estimations: To compute the run of the stairs, just duplicate the tread measurement (guarantee this does exclude the nose - see underneath) by the quantity of steps.

To figure the rise of the stairs, increase the rise measurement by the quantity of steps.

Or on the other hand, to turn out what number of steps you need, take your ceiling height and separation by suppose 16 to begin with. On the off chance that you think of a riser that is a sensible size and not exactly the greatest measurement shown above you need 16 stages. Have a go at partitioning your ceiling height by different numbers until you concoct a riser measurement that works.

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Published By
Rajib Dey
www.constructioncost.co
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Structural Load Analysis of a Construction

Structural analysis is a significant piece of a design of structures and other constructed resources, for example, scaffolds and passages, as structural loads can cause pressure, twisting and uprooting that may bring about structural issues or even disappointment.

The structure guidelines necessitate that structures must be designed and worked to have the option to withstand all load types that they are probably going to look at during their lifecycle.

There are various sorts of load that can follow up on a structure, the nature of which will change as indicated by the design, use, area and materials being utilized. Design necessities are commonly indicated as far as the greatest loads that a structure must have the option to withstand.

Loads are commonly named either dead loads (DL) or live loads (LL). Dead loads allude to the structure's self weight and for the most part stay consistent during the structure's life. Live loads, for example, traffic loads may fluctuate.

Loads may likewise be classified as:

Concentrated loads (or point loads): Single loads that demonstration over a generally little zone, for example, column loads.

Line loads: Loads apply a load along a line, for example, a parcel's weight on the floor.

Distributed (or surface) loads: These apply a load over a surface zone, for example, the heaviness of floors and roofing materials.

Dead loads (DL): Dead loads, otherwise called perpetual or static loads, are those overwhelmingly connected with the heaviness of the structure itself, and thus stay stationary and moderately consistent after some time. Dead loads may incorporate the heaviness of any structural components, lasting non-structural segments, relentless installations, for example, plasterboard, worked in cabinets, etc.



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Published By
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Safety Plan for Concrete Formwork

Safety first! The age-old construction motto has never wavered even in modern days. Accordingly, it is in effect also when planning for formwork systems. A proper plan that observes safety protocols strictly will let you avoid undesirable circumstances arising in work. Also, it will reduce the chance of accidental happenings.

Work supervision, equipment utilization and construction procedures all must ensure the safety of the workers. Not only that, the plans need to be laid out in such a manner that the people using the building will not come under any foreseeable accident. Designers, planners, and engineers all must conform to well-established safety standards such as OSHA in order to ensure proper safety and security.

Let us see now the various facets of Concrete Formwork.

1. Supervision and Inspection: Proper supervision of work is of paramount importance while work is going on in order to ensure that all safety protocols are being obeyed. This comes active in times of formwork placement, concrete pouring, and formwork stripping.

Not only this, modifications in field on the falsework, erection procedure and forms should always be properly inspected first. Always, these should be done only after the principal designer has given the green signal to them. The load on the formwork needs to be sharply observed at all times lest it breaks down under excessive loads it was not designed to uphold.

2. Platforms and Access for Workers: For work required at elevated positions, worker-accessible platforms need to be raised. These platforms and the pathways to access them should be very carefully erected. Ladders need to have proper rest on solid structures at the top, or need to fastened in case they are very long.

Some of the particularly tricky structures such as bridges may require special scaffolding or safety nets in order to ensure proper access and prevention of accidents. These scaffolds, platforms, or other access means must conform with OSHA standards.

Unauthorized individuals, onlookers and loiters are not only a distraction to work, but they can actually bring or become trouble to everyone involved. To prevent this, barriers and safety signs need to be placed around the construction site from the very beginning of work.

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Published By
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www.constructioncost.co
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Thumb Rules to Follow While Designing Columns

Columns are essential support structures that are almost inevitably used in any construction projects. From ancient times, columns have been an indispensable part of erecting buildings, them being one of the most important load-bearing members. Obviously, one needs to be careful while designing such important structures.

As per the construction sciences and technologies, there are many rules applicable to specific columnar structures. However, there are some few basic rules of column designing that all engineers can keep in mind while designing most types of columns and similar vertical supports.

Today, we will discuss these important thumb rules of column design in this article. Needless to say, columns need to be designed keeping in mind the total amount of forces acting on the structure. But also, keeping these basic guidelines in mind can prevent architects and engineers from making silly mistakes.

Rule 1: Essentially, the size of the columns would depend upon the total amount of forces acting on the column. In short you can consider this as the total load on a column. This will make or break the column, so you need to be ensuring that your columns design can withhold this entire load and anything else that may come later.

That is, the total load on a column may be not only the weight of the structure that it bears, but also the movable materials that structure will bear. For example, while designing a multi-storied godown, you will need to care about not only the weight of the floor and the walls and the roof, but more also, the weight of the goods that are going to be stored on that floor. This can get pretty great in case of solid materials.

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www.constructioncost.co
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Best Calculators Construction Engineers are Using

The construction industry is near the top of the most math-heavy fields of work. Each project starts guzzling out numerical data right from the very beginning of the process. All that information needs to be calculated using the proper tools to produce the desired result.

Chances are, you have been using some basic calculator to help in this work. A standard engineering calculator can be found in most civil engineers’ bags. Worse, we see that in modern days people are using the calculators in their mobiles in this task. However, if you are a construction manager worth your salt, you would know that these generalized tools are pathetic when it comes to handling complicated building-related data. Wouldn’t you wish there were calculators custom-built for construction jobs?

Fortunately, there are. Today, we will look into a few gadgets built specifically to handle the computational needs in a construction project. These calculators support custom functions, fractional computing, unit conversion, and a lot of other stuff specifically needed for building construction managers and civil engineers. Some of these are portable devices and some again are mobile apps. The 5 most popular construction calculators are:

1. Construction Master Pro
2. Construction Calculator-Building Material Estimate
3. Jobber 6
4. C-Calc Pro
5. Materials Estimating Calculator

Construction Master Pro: The flagship of Calculated Industries general construction calculation tools line, Construction Master Pro looks like any standard scientific calculator in a nice solid shockproof casing at first glance. Look closer, however, and you will see a myriad of custom functions and tools ornamenting the keypad.

Covering a wide range of constructional computation activities, this device can calculate details of building to framing to concrete work. Not only measurements, but you can also use this device to calculate how much material you need for building a given structure, the volume in excavations as well as fillings, and even go as far as counting the number of transports and their costs for your project.

The Construction Master Pro covers unit conversion needs as well, and unlike a scientific converter it will not needlessly bog you down into unnecessary unit lists. It can convert to and from all building standard units like foot, meter, inch, centimetre and so on. Another advantage this device offers is the conversion of not only lengths but also areas and volumes.

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A position is vacant for Structural Engineer in Brisbane

The Company:

Van der Meer Consulting, a multi-disciplinary Structural and Civil Consulting Engineering group with various office locations in Brisbane, Melbourne and Sydney. This fast growing company is presently inviting application for an aptly qualified Structural Engineer for the office located in Brisbane.

Education and Experience:

Professional Qualification 

• Should be at least Bachelor of Civil Engineering 

• Should possess at least 5 years of working experience in structural engineering within a Queensland consultancy environment 

• Proven experience in designing projects related to the residential, commercial, retail and industrial sectors.

Expertise and Personal Attributes:

• Should be well versed with applying Australian Standard design codes. 

• Sound knowledge in applying various software like RC Buildings, Microstran or Spacegas, Ram Concept, Rapt, Slabs, PT 3D, Etabs and Microsoft Office. 

• Should possess outstanding presentation and communication skills as these are very important for handling client affair.

• Should contain excellent interpersonal skills as well as capability to keep in touch and work with drafts persons, engineers, architects and design managers.

• Verified track record of performing under tight deadlines and within budget.

• Be passionate and dedicated to fulfill the requirements of client.

• Must establish proper initiative and perform as good team player

• C class driving license

Benefits:

• Competitive Salary

• Social events and compliant working arrangements

• Friendly and experienced team environment

• Professional development and good advancement prospects

If anyone wants to apply for this position, click the ''Apply Now'' button below by submitting your CV together with a cover letter.

Apply Now

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www.constructioncost.co

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A position is vacant for Civil Engineer in Australia

The ACOR Consultants Group, a leading group in Australia with a successful multi-disciplinary team of Engineers, Infrastructure Planners, Managers and Designers, is inviting application for a talented Civil Engineer to work in tandem with the Civil Team of the company.

The candidate should have fulfilled the following criteria: 

• 3 to 5 years' post qualification experience in local Civil Engineering design 

• Degree in Civil Engineering 

• Good experience in Civil Engineering design together with stormwater drainage, grading, pavements, roads, site works, bulk earthworks, services infrastructure and coordination 

• Ability to work with a various types of civil design software packages, along with Drains and Music 

• Average knowledge with computer along with AutoCAD and Microsoft Office 

• Should be well versed with 12d but it is not mandatory 

• Sound communication (speaking & writing English) as well as interpersonal skills 

• Advanced organisational, coordination and prioritisation skills

• Expertizes in resolving issue quickly

• Strong determination to accomplish assigned tasks

• Powerful and dedicated work principal

• Capability to perform well independently amidst a team environment 

• A positive, "can-do / will-do" attitude

• Professional personal presentation

• Capability to go by security checks for various organisations

• Driver's license

• Punctual and trustworthy

If you want to make bright career in Civil Engineering, this position is ideal for you. All the Applicants should have permission to work in Australia and is a resident of the country.

In order to apply for the post, please send a mail to hr@acor.com.au with a cover letter & resume. Alternatively one can send application by going through the following link

Apply online

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Published By

Rajib Dey

www.constructioncost.co

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10 Concrete Mix Thumb Rules Useful For Every Engineers

If 4 litres of water is added with 1 cubic meter of newly blended concrete, the following result is obtained :-

1. Expand slump roughly 25 mm.

2. Lessen compacted strength around 1.5 to 2 N/mm2.

3. Enhance shrinkage potential nearby 10%.

If temperature of newly mixed concrete is enhanced by 1 degree celcius, the result will be as follow :-

1. Around 4 litres of water per cubic meter sustains identical slump.

2. Air content drops around 1%.

3. Compacted strength reduces approximately 1.0 to 1.5 N/mm2.

In case the air content of newly mixed concrete :-

1. Enhances 1% then compacted strength reduces roughly 0.5%.

2. Lessens 1% then produced result will reduce nearby 0.03 cubic meter per 1 cubic meter.

3. Lessen 1% then slump reduces nearly 12.5mm.

4. Drops 1% then strength reduces almost 10%.

Ref. :www.cegyan.com

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Published By

Rajib Dey

www.constructioncost.co

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Intergraph SmartPlan Foundation 2014 - A useful construction program for plant information management

Intergraph SmartPlan Foundation 2014 is a useful construction program for plant information management. MEP engineers can use this construction software to access updated and organized engineering information instantly all through the project lifecycle.

The MEP engineers can securely obtain various plant informations together engineering designs, vendor data, purchase orders, RFQs, specification sheets, and all supplementary documents.

A modular set of user experiences is created on the basis of regular work processes to assure that legitimate, reliable, and superior-quality engineering data is allocated over the value chain and amid facility information systems.

Throughout the complete plant lifecycle, the users get the ability to develop quick and perfect design and operational decisions out of big and complicated data sets. SmartPlant Foundation is supported with the Intergraph information management solutions and it is considered as the globally recognized and extensively applied, industry-standard, engineering information management solution for the process, power, and marine industries.

Link for download

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Published By

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www.constructioncost.co

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Lamprell is seeking a Senior Process Engineer

UAE based Lamprell, the leading solution provider in the energy industry in the Middle East for more than 35 years, is seeking a Senior Process Engineer who has to make report to Group Engineering Manager.

The purpose of the post is based on the following :-

Fundamental & brief Design Engineering activities for the entrusted project(s) in Petrochemical Plants, Oil & Gas Plants, Offshore Drilling Rigs etc., in reference to the Company established procedures.

Activity planning, work scheduling, allocating responsibilities to Engineers & Draftsmen, and monitoring to maintain the project schedule through resource optimization.

Preparing / assessment of PFD, P&ID’s, detailed project specifications, design calculation / study, procurement specification.

Collaborate with other disciplines, user departments and Clients.

Estimation / engineering work corresponding to bids.

• Affirming planned engineering (process) progress regarding the engineering deliverables for Tenders (as required) and awarded Projects, process engineering planning & scheduling, making of progress reports, manpower & resource forecasts, time schedules of engineers, deployment of resources efficiently & competently.

• Process Design & Detail Engineering as well as executing process simulations, design calculations, Process Optimization, sizing & selection of equipments etc. for Tenders (as required) and for awarded Projects. Assessment of Clients tender documents, specifications, datasheets, verification of FEED design & calculations.

• Making of several http://www.quantity-takeoff.com/quantity-surveyor-courses.htmhttp://www.quantity-takeoff.com/quantity-surveyor-courses.htm deliverables (Drawings & Documents) like Process Flow Diagrams, P & I Diagrams, Process Datasheets, Equipment Specifications, Cause & Effect Diagrams, control philosophies, shutdown philosophies, HAZOP Studies & reports, Operation & maintenance manuals etc. and offering essential engineering inputs to the other disciplines and other departments.

• Ensuring appropriate distribution of work & liability amid the process engineers, offering suitable guidance & integration of work done, keeping up the good, positive & healthy working nature amid the team of engineers to guarantee best possible productivity & efficiency.

• Make & Issue of RFQ’s, evaluation of vendor’s quotations, clarifications, Technical Bid Analysis etc.

• Assessment of vendor’s documents, drawings, datasheets, specifications and calculations.

Qualifications: B.E. / B.TECH. / B.S. – CHEMICAL ENGINEERING distinctiveness in Petroleum / Petro Chemical Engineering preferred.

Experience: At least 15 years in Oil & Gas / Petrochemical Design Engineering (with more than 5 – 6 experience in Oil & Gas industry, in consulting OR EPC company with Design & Engineering capability)

Software Skills: Practical experience in software like HYSYS, PIPENET, PIPEPHASE, FLARENET.

Industry / Client Std: Well versed with the Engineering Stds like API, NFPA, ASME, BS / EN etc. and Client Stds such as SHELL, ARAMCO, MOBIL etc.

Interested candidates can submit their resumes to engineeringrecruitment@lamprell.com referring Ref – Senior Process Engineer in the subject line.

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www.quantity-takeoff.com

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Bill of Quantity for Construction

It is actually an itemized list of materials, parts, and labour (with their costs) required to construct, maintain, or repair a specific structure.

A bill of quantities (BOQ) is a text used in tendering process in the building construction industry. Here the materials, parts, and labour and other things are (and their costs) are listed.

It also (preferably) particulars the terms and conditions of the construction or patch up contract and itemizes all work to enable acontractor to price the work for which he or she is bidding.

It is usually arranged by surveyors and building estimators. The bill quantity generally made by a ‘taking of. The process of estimation is making: Architects, Structural Engineers, and other building consultants drawings.

These have been used to construct a cost estimate such as measuring meters of walls and roofs, the numbers of doors and windows, and systems as heating, plumbing and electrics.

Parallel work is then brought together under one thing, which is a process known as abstracting.

There is a Contingency sum is an item found within a Bill of quantities (BoQ). The item refers to hidden cost likely to be inviting during the contract. A Bill of Quantities considers all costs and is seen-through in relations to all costs.

Download Sample: Bill Of Quantities (BOQ)

Image Courtesy: http://images.1233.tw/

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Rajib Dey

www.quantity-takeoff.com

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Preparing for Design-Build Projects: A Primer for Owners, Engineers, and Contractors

In the public and private construction project design-build (DB) contracting gained much popularity. Many designers andconstructors are using DB for last two decade successfully and they have lauded about it. Some of the designers must slightly change their practice; they are now accustomed with the outcome.

Preparing for Design-Build Projects – this book is handy, not only for the engineers, but owners andcontractors.

ASCE Press have published thisbook, promoted by www.civilax.com is an excellent copy to be gathered by the people involving into theengineering sector.

The authors of the book are:

• Douglas D Grandsberg, Ph. D and PE
• James E Koch, Ph. D and PE
• Keith R Molenaar, Ph. D.

The book is forwarded by Michel C Loulakis.

The core concentration of the authors was on the learning module. This could be a decision making ground braking process of ‘design-build (DB) contracting’. From constructor and engineers to owner everybody has different point of view on this.

This is a timely guide book on DB. The reader could assess the series of suggestions here too.

Download Preparing for Design-Build Projects

Image Courtesy: civilax.com

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www.quantity-takeoff.com

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Make your material control system superior with Jovix

Birmingham based Atlas RFID Solutions introduced a newconstruction product called Jovix™.

This newest construction technology helps construction professionals to trace materials quickly as well as productivity of direct labor and minimize the usage of material recorders.

The construction professionals will get a clear idea that their construction project gets the proper materials at the right time and in the right condition. So Jovix will facilitate the construction professionals to combat with the supplementary material control issues on the industrial construction projects.

Jovix is compatible with mobile inspections and precautionary maintenance. Besides, it can deal with and resolve oversupply, shortfall, and damage issues, as well as foresee the accessibility of materials in future through supply and demand calculation.

The latest version of Jovix (2014.2) comes with some advanced features like importing drawing data fromengineering tools and inserting and controlling attachments inside the application. Besides, the mobile tablet interface is upgraded to make it more reliable and accessible by expanding material control powers to the jobsite and keeping aside the labor-intensive, paper-based practices from the jobsite.

With Jovix, the users can undertake anticipatory maintenance activities through the tablet to get incessant clarity and control all through the whole material lifecycle ranging from fabrication through installation.

Jovix enhances project efficiencies on the whole with the positive material by providing unprecedented access to executable, up-to-date toward the accessibility, status, and location of materials in the global supply chain.

In order to get the product, visit http://atlasrfid.com

Ref: atlasrfid.com

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www.quantity-takeoff.com

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Some important tips for Civil Site Engineering

Engineers are always looking for excellence in construction. But they have to follow some basics before starting the mega project.

The site engineers generally concentrate much on those issues:

• Bars which have the diameter more than 36 mm should avoid lapping.
• The maximum chair spacing is 1.00 m (or) 1 No per 1m2.
• Minimum 12 mm diameter needed for dowel rod.
• 12 mm diameter bar should be used in chair.
• The longitudinal reinforcement should follow the range between 0.8 – 6 per cent of gross CS.
• For circular column, bars would be 4 Nos and 6 Nos.
• Slabs are important in any construction. The main bar slab (8 mm HYSD) or 10mm (plane bar), distributor should not be less than 8 mm and more than 1/8th of slab’s thickness.
• 125 mm is minimum slab thickness.
• Concrete free fall maximum maximum 1.50 m.
• Remember lap slice should not be used in the bar larger than 36 mm.
• Brick water absorption should not be 15 per cent.
• PH value of water has to be 6.
• Brick compressive strength 3.5 N / mm2.
• 8 kg per MT is the measurement of steel reinforcement binding wire.
• Samples for ore cutting test in the soils filling for every 100m2.

Density of Materials:

Bricks: 1600 – 1920 kg/m3

Concrete block: 1920 kg/ m3

Reinforced concrete: 2310 – 2700 kg/ m3

Cube samples required for different quantity of concrete:

Quantity of Concrete	No. of cubes required
1 – 5 m3	1 No’s
6 0 15 m3	2 No’s
16 – 30 m3	3 No’s
31 – 50 m3	4 No’s
Above 50 m3	4 + 1 No’s of addition of each 50 m3

Curing time of RCC Members for different types of cement - Super Sulphate cement: 7 days, Ordinary Portland cement OPC: 10 days and Minerals & Admixture added cement: 14 days.

Read More: theconstructor.org/tips

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How concrete & steel elements are replaced with engineered wood for high-rise buildings

In recent times, lots of skylines have emerged which are made with concrete and steel. But Timber is gradually becoming popular as a renewablebuilding material for high-rise construction as greater portion of timber is sequestering to carbon. The timber is treated as advanced and basic structural materials for high-rise buildings. Besides, wood is less harmful for the environment. Wood can also combat with fire as huge timber sections contain inherent fire resistance capabilities.

In a recent study, it has been detected that the application of steel provides three per cent of man’s greenhouse gas emissions and at the same time concrete produces over five per cent. Further, it is seen that a typical 20-storied concrete building releases 1,215 tonnes of carbon dioxide, while wood removes 3,150 tonnes of the gas for a net difference of 4,356 tonnes.

In order to make a cubic metre of timber, 15kg of carbon is discharged into the atmosphere though, that timber accumulates 250kg of carbon. So each cubic metre of timber eliminates 235 kg of carbon from the atmosphere. At the time of constructing the high-rise buildings, a cubic metre of steel discharges 5,320 kilograms of carbon into the atmosphere, a cubic metre of concrete emits 120 kilograms of carbon into the atmosphere and a cubic metre of aluminium emits an enormous 22,000 kilograms of carbon into the atmosphere.

Wide arrays of multi-storied wooden projects are being constructed all through the world and recently White House declared that it will provide a great support by arranging a competition. The United States Department of Architecture (USDA) has officially announced a Tall Building Competition in order to maintain sustainability in forestry and to focus on the acceptability of constructing wooden buildings. The competition was backed with a funding arrangement previously provided by the White House Rural Council together with the USDA, facilitating a climate-driven approach towards architects, builders and engineers to encourage them to utilize wood as a structural material.

There will be a project prize of US$2 million. The Softwood Lumber Board and Binational Softwood Lumber Council have provided their great support toward the project. The project was initiated to draw the attentions of US developers, institutions, organisations as well as design teams to take on a substitute solution approach for designing and constructing taller wood structures. The motto of the project is to recognize builders with projects in the concept, schematic or design-development state in the US that can signify the application of wood in high buildings.

One of the vital wooden project is the Treet project, which will go up 49 metres and cover 14 storeys. The project will integrate prefabrication by using wood in a high-rise building.

It is anticipated that the project will confiscate roughly 1,000 metric tons of CO2 in its woodconstruction. There will be clad in glass and steel to guard the wood from Bergen’s damp climate.

Lots of high wooden buildings were constructed in British Columbia. In previous month, Green Firm created the design of the North America’s tallest all-wood modern building which was opened in Prince George, BC. The $25 million Wood Innovation and Design Centre (WIDC) was constructed to LEED Gold status and extended over 50,000 square feet. PCL Constructers Westcoast had built up the construction by applying 1,700 cubic metres of wood.

The WIDC is almost solely constructed with engineered wood components involving glulam columns and beams; cross-laminated timber (CLT) for the floor assemblies and core vertical panels whereas laminated veneer lumber (LVL) was utilized for extremely perceptible areas like the stairs and canopies.

Some significant high-rise building projects completed with woods in recent time.

Ref. : http://sourceable.net/

Image courtesy: sourceable.net

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