Green Building: A Start

At the point when you're building another house, you're confronted with a wide range of decisions which will affect your life to come, to what extent until your house is done and your spending plan. It's anything but difficult to become involved with the business and overlook that these decisions affect others too, and, all the more extensively, the earth.

Building Green

In case you're hoping to manufacture a green home, try to discover a plan and construction organization concentrated on eco disapproved of arrangements. They are bound to be both willing and ready to assist you with accomplishing your objective.

Not exclusively will they have understanding and recognition with the essential standards, yet they will likewise have associations with the organizations that give green and earth friendly materials. They will likewise have the option to give master exhortation on what works, what doesn't and what the expenses are.

Orientation

Indeed, even before you start planning your eco-friendly home, you need to consider where it will be constructed, and what heading it will confront. The orientation of your house is particularly significant with respect to daylight.

On the off chance that you are wanting to utilize solar power, orientation will influence the measure of sun presentation on your panels. Regardless of whether you aren't intending to go that course, the orientation of your building will influence the amount you spend on warming and cooling, for instance.



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Published By
Rajib Dey
www.constructioncost.co
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Base Isolation System in Building Construction

Base isolation is a best in class technique where the structure (superstructure) is isolated from the base (foundation or substructure) by presenting a suspension system between the base and the primary structure.

In the setting of seismic design of structures, base isolation can be supplanted with seismic isolation i.e., the structure over the ground, which is generally influenced during earthquakes, is isolated from the impacts of earthquake powers by presenting an instrument that will assist the structure with hovering.

The idea of base isolation is very simple to get a handle on. It very well may be clarified as a fowl flying during an earthquake isn't influenced. In straightforward words if structure is drifting on its base, the development of ground will have no impact on the structure.

Motivation behind Base Isolation: Wind and Earthquake are the most transcendent loads that request sidelong design of a structure. Once more, earthquake load isn't controllable and it isn't handy to design a structure for an uncertain seismic interest. The Only pragmatic methodology left is to acknowledge an interest and ensure the limit is more than the interest.

The inertial powers caused because of the earthquake is legitimately corresponding to the mass of the structure and the ground speeding up. Expanding pliability of the structure or expanding the versatile quality of the structure is the most customary strategy for taking care of seismic interest. Specialist needs to build the limit to surpass the interest.

Base isolation adopts a contrary strategy, for example to decrease the seismic interest as opposed to expanding the limit. Controlling ground movement is incomprehensible, however we can adjust the interest on structure by forestalling/decreasing the movements being moved to the structure from foundations.

Guideline of Base Isolation: The essential standard behind base isolation is that the reaction of the structure or a structure is adjusted to such an extent that the ground underneath is fit for moving without transmitting negligible or no movement to the structure above. A total division is conceivable just in a perfect system. In a certifiable situation, it is important to have a vertical help to move the vertical loads to the base.

The overall displacement of ground and the structure is zero for an entirely rigid, zero period structure, since the speeding up instigated in the structure is the same as that of ground movement. While in a perfect flexible structure, there is no increasing speed actuated in the structure, accordingly relative displacement of the structure will be equivalent to the ground displacement.

No Structure is totally rigid or flexible, hence, the reaction of the structure will be between the two clarified previously. Most extreme increasing speed and displacements are a component of earthquakes for periods between zero to limitlessness. During earthquakes there will be a scope of periods at which speeding up in the structure will be intensified past most extreme ground increasing speed, however relative displacements may not surpass top ground displacements. Base isolation is the perfect strategy to cook this, by lessening the exchange of movement, the displacement of building is controlled.

Displacement happens at CG of the structures for fixed base structures, which will be approx. two-third stature for structures and at isolation plane for base disengaged structures with lesser displacement inside the structure. The reaction of a base confined structure and a structure without base isolation can be delineated as appeared in the figure beneath. The displacement and quickening is constrained by base isolation.

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Published By
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www.constructioncost.co
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Top 10 Tallest Buildings of 2020

1. Jeddah Tower

Could this be the year that the tallest synthetic structure ever at long last tops out? Development of the Jeddah Tower in Saudi Arabia has been tormented by political, financial and work issues, with the proposed finish date of 2020 estimated to be unreasonable for a long time now.

Be that as it may, ongoing clamors clue that development might be ventured up in the coming months so there stays a likelihood that the structure planned by Adrian Smith with Gordon Gill Architecture may arrive at its last stature of around 1,000 meters before the year's over. Simply don't wager your home on it.

2. Wuhan Greenland Center

It may appear to be credulous to continue remembering this tower for Shanghai in our rundown, yet following an ongoing suspension of development work, progress is set to continue and the tower may yet arrive at its full height in 2020.

Similarly as with Jeddah Tower, the undertaking has been assailed by a pile of issues, including the need to downsize its proposed stature to 475 meters because of airspace guidelines.

3. Dongguan International Trade Center

Some portion of a complex of five separate structures in downtown Dongguan, this 432-meter tower will transcend a six-story retail platform containing stores and cafés. The plan by worldwide design firm 5+design is propelled by Dongguan's characteristic environmental factors in the Pearl River Delta.

The structure is arranged to give an immediate view to the close by Huanggi Mountain. Its angled outline references the bud of the Yulan magnolia and it is topped with a representative lamp.

4. Diamond Tower

Subtleties are meager about the ventures presently under development in Saudi Arabia, yet while we anticipate refreshes on the advancement of Jeddah Tower, it shows up this 432-meter private supertall is probably going to top out in 2020. In the event that it does, the 93-story tower will turn into the second tallest structure in Saudi Arabia and one of the tallest private structures on the planet.

The structure credited to Buruoj Engineering Consultancy is striking for its winding structure and it is guaranteed that, when finished, it will be the main structure on the planet to turn an entire 360 degrees along its tallness.

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Rajib Dey
www.constructioncost.co
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Calculate the Blocks Required for a Wall

Hi there, folks! Today, we will see how we can find out the number of blocks required to build a wall. Calculating the number of blocks, like bricks of some kind, can be a little tricky, despite seeming simple. So, please follow this guide carefully.

Number Of Concrete Blocks In A Wall: There are a few strategies for figuring the number of blocks in a wall. In this article, I will disclose two straightforward strategies to discover absolute no. of blocks for a wall.

1. Surface area strategy.
2. Volume strategy.

Surface Area Strategy: Data you need

1. Surface area of the wall.
2. Surface area of a standard solid block.
3. Surface area of openings in the wall.

Step 1
Decide The Length and Height Of The Wall:
Let, the Length of the wall = 10 feet.
The height of the wall = 10 feet.

Step 2
Compute The Surface Area Of The Wall:
We know, Surface Area = Length x Height
∴ Surface area of the wall = 10 x 10 = 100 sq. feet.



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Instructions to Lay Pipe Culverts

Pipe culvert is a passage structure built utilizing pipes under roads or railways to give cross seepage or to take electrical or different links starting with one side then onto the next. Pipe culvert, box culvert, and curve culvert are the normal sorts of culverts utilized under roadways and railroads.

In this article, we talk about the excavation, bedding, laying, jointing, and inlaying strategy of pipe culverts.

Excavation: The foundation for pipe culverts will be uncovered to the lines and levels, as appeared in the drawings. The pipes will be set either in the shallow excavation of the normal ground or in open channels made in existing banks.

At the spots where the stature of fill surpasses multiple occasions the outer distance across of the pipe, the dike will be raised to a level over the highest point of the pipe, and to a width at the very least multiple times the measurement of the pipe.

The additional width of the excavation in channels will be at least 150mm or one-fourth of the measurement of the pipe, whichever is more. At no spot, the additional width will be more than 33% the distance across of the pipe.

The vertical sides of the channel will be as vertical as could be expected under the circumstances. Assuming delicate, supple, or other flimsy soil is experienced during excavation, such unacceptable material will be evacuated to such length, width, and depth as coordinated by the specialist.

The inlaying of the excavation of the pipe culvert will be finished with granular material, which will be appropriately molded and completely compacted up to the predetermined level. Where bed-rock or rock layers is experienced, 200mm profound excavation will be completed from the base degree of the pipe, and all stone/rocks around there are evacuated and the space is loaded up with earth, liberated from stone or divided material.



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Published By
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www.constructioncost.co
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How to Repair Damaged Brick Walls

Brick wall repair strategies for auxiliary brick walls and brick veneer walls fluctuate contingent upon the sort of harm that is being tended to. Fortification or even remaking are required in instances of extreme basic harm or dangerous structures while different sorts of brick wall repair, for example, re-pointing or split repair or lintel repair are regularly conceivable in-situ.

This article arrangement discloses sorts of harm to auxiliary brick walls. We disclose how to perceive, analyze, and assess development and breaks in brick walls and how to perceive brick wall bowing or protruding and splitting disappointments.

The article arrangement incorporates recognizable proof of sorts of foundation splits, break designs, contrasts in the significance of splits in brick basic walls or brick veneer walls and talks about breaks or development as proof of building development.

To balance out and secure basic brick walls against inclining and swelling outwards, basic for a considerable length of time has been the expansion of outside plates affixed through a brick wall and associated either to the structure's inside casing or to the contrary wall (by a steel bar or bar).

Fractional Re-Construction of Structural Brick Walls

At the point when the proprietors needed the rooftop raised to increase livable space over the back wing of their home, the creator [DF] expected to re-fabricate the brick peak end of this memorable structure, the Seneca Howland house situated in Pleasant Valley, New York.

At the point when improvement or repair to a current brick structure is restricted in scope it tends to be reasonable and prudent to re-fabricate that wall segment; had this wall re-development venture not been at the exceptionally top of the structure we'd have expected to include brief help for any overhead brick structure, and designing counsel may have been required.



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www.constructioncost.co
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Pouring Concrete on Sloped Surfaces

Pouring concrete on a sloped surface needs superb aptitudes and experience to play out the work as arranged. Generally, low droop concrete is utilized for sloped concrete individuals, carports, and wheelchair inclines.

The situation of low droop concrete in its last position and compaction requires incredible alert, understanding, and legitimate cementing strategies. That is the reason all the fundamental planning ought to be made before the beginning of pouring.

How to Pour Concrete on a Sloped Surface?

Get the formwork ready and check their levels appropriately. Before cementing starts, perform essential checks for fortifications, formworks, and some other installation objects. For concrete garage and wheelchair slopes, ensure that the territory is level, structures are firm and liberated from soil and garbage.

Request low droop concrete to keep away from downhill drooping of concrete along the incline. Low droop concrete has an amazing opportunity to stay at its position and take compaction appropriately. Concrete with low droop has a little extent of water.

Low droop concrete is wanted from an auxiliary perspective, yet its situation and compaction need impressive work and vitality. The droop esteem speaks to the consistency or the usefulness of concrete blend. Droop test might be directed on concrete upon its appearance to the building site to check its reasonableness for the undertaking viable.



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Rajib Dey
www.constructioncost.co
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China Starts Building the World's Largest Soccer Stadium

The proprietor of an expert Chinese soccer group has commenced the construction of a $1.7 billion soccer stadium. When finished in 2022, this will be the biggest soccer-explicit stadium on the planet so far. Isn’t that exciting!

Guangzhou Evergrande, an individual from the Chinese Football Association's Chinese Super League, kicked things off a week ago on the lotus-formed stadium that will incorporate 100,000 seats and 162 VIP boxes. Guangzhou is known as China's 'Bloom City' which is the motivation behind the scene's intricate orange petal-like exterior.​ 

Development deal with the undertaking started not long after China lifted social separating limitations so as to meet the 2022 fulfillment date, as the stadium is proposed to have occasions for the 2023 Asian Cup. 

Evergrande Group, the biggest land organization in China and the proprietor of Guangzhou Evergrande, declared that notwithstanding the Flower City stadium, it would fabricate two extra stadiums with limits of 80,000 somewhere else in the nation, as indicated by ESPN. Eight unique structures for the stadium were submitted, including some from the United States, before Evergrande chose Shanghai-based engineer Hasan Syed. 

Many Major League Soccer (MLS) stadiums in the U.S. are additionally NFL stadiums. The biggest home to an ace soccer group in the states is the Atlanta United FC's Mercedes-Benz Stadium in Atlanta, which is likewise home to the NFL's Atlanta Falcons, and has a greatest limit of 71,000. 

The two generally costly, most prominent stadiums in the U.S. are right now under development. SoFi Stadium in Los Angeles — ​ with an occasion extended limit that can arrive at 100,240, and an ordinary limit of 70,240 — ​ and Allegiant Stadium in Las Vegas — which can grow from 65,000 to 72,000 seats, will be two of the biggest stadiums in the nation. Camp Nou in Barcelona, the current biggest soccer-just stadium on the planet by limit, was done in 1957 and can hold 99,354 individuals. 



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Rajib Dey
www.constructioncost.co
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Fly Ash in Concrete

Fly ash is a standout amongst other pozzolanic admixtures. Pozzolanic admixtures or mineral admixtures are those materials which in itself don't have any cementitious characteristics however show cementitious properties in their finely separated structure when joined with lime, for example Calcium Hydroxide (Ca (OH)2) with dampness. They synthetically respond with Calcium Hydroxide at room temperature to frame cementitious mixes.

Fly ash, otherwise called pummeled fuel ash, is one such fake pozzolanic material. Fly ash is finely separated formless alumino-silicate powder, which is delivered in powdered coal consuming force plants.

It has practically next to zero cementitious properties yet gets receptive in nearness of lime. Fly ash produces gel (calcium-silicate hydrates (C-S-H)), which makes fly ash concrete thick, gives quality and decreases the penetrability. Consequently, it upgrades the solidness properties of concrete.

What is Fly Ash Exactly?

Fly ash is one of the deposits created during ignition of pounded coal in warm force plants and contains the fine particles that ascend with the gases. Fly ash for the most part contains silica (SiO2), calcium oxide (CaO), alumina oxide (Al2O3) and ferric oxide (Fe2O3). Its parts differ contingent on the kind of coal consumed.

Fly ash is delivered by quick cooling and cementing of molten ash; consequently a huge bit of fly ash particles are in the shapeless state. Fly ash particles are commonly round with breadth running from under 1 µm to 150 µm while the particles of cement are littler than 45 µm. The circular structure and size of the molecule expands the flowability and diminishes the water request in concrete blend.

In what capacity can Fly Ash Affect the Environment just as Technology?

India alone creates in excess of 100 million tons of fly ash each year. Fly ash makes a terrible effect on nature and human wellbeing. Its removal is a major concern. Scarcely any Years prior, fly ash was regularly discharged into the air causing air contamination.

These days the fly ash is gathered in contamination control gear like electrostatic precipitator before the gases are discharged into the air, subsequently decreasing air contamination.

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www.constructioncost.co
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Plum Concrete - Definition, Uses and Advantages

Concrete is a blend of water, sand, aggregate and cement which shapes a stone-like mass on setting. Today, we will discuss a unique kind of concrete called "Palm Concrete". Peruse on for the subtleties.

The word Concrete is derived from the Latin word "concretus", signifying "to become together". Concrete is an organization of coarse granular material (the aggregate or filler) inserted in a hard lattice of material (the cement or binder) that occupies the space between the aggregate particles and pastes them together.

Contingent upon the sort of filler and binder utilized, concrete is named in a manner like Plum concrete, Rice body concrete, fly debris concrete and so on. In this article, let us talk about what a plum concrete is and how Plum is utilized as a filler material in plum concrete.

Plum concrete is framed by the consideration of medium to enormous stones of size up to 300mm or considerably bigger as filler. It is utilized to build the obvious yield of concrete for a given measure of cement for example to abstain from utilizing abundance measures of cement without settling on the quality.

The enormous stones utilized are known as plums. These plums are utilized really taking the shape of mass concrete. Notwithstanding, the volume of plums ought not surpass 30% – 40% of the all out volume of the completed concrete.

Plum concrete is additionally alluded to as Rubble concrete or Cyclopean Concrete. The Plum ought not be bigger than 33% or the cross-segment of the concrete blender.

How Plum Concrete Differs from Plain Concrete

Plain cement concrete is the least difficult type of concrete. It is made by blending fundamental fixings, for example, cement, fine aggregates and coarse aggregates. While plum concrete is the kind of concrete where medium to enormous stones are utilized as filler material instead of aggregates.

Thus the main contrast between plain cement concrete and plum concrete is the expansion of the enormous stones in the concrete blend. It goes about as a filler material lessening the amount of little size aggregates which are commonly costly. In this way, it helps in chopping down the expense of concrete.

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www.constructioncost.co
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Autoclaved Aerated Concrete

Autoclaved Aerated Concrete (AAC) is a lightweight precast concrete structure material. It is made out of quartz sand, calcined gypsum, lime cement, water and aluminum powder. Aluminum powder is utilized at a pace of 0.05%–0.08% by volume (contingent upon the predetermined thickness).

AAC items are utilized under warmth and weight in an autoclave. The different types of AAC are blocks, divider panels, floor and rooftop panels, cladding panels and lintels. Autoclaved Aerated Concrete (AAC) blocks are utilized on both inside and outside development works.

AAC blocks give the structure imperviousness to fire and insulation. ACC materials are standard apparatuses to slice and molded to be used. It strongly suggested thermally protecting material for both inside and outside.

Points of interest of AAC:

1. The most significant bit of leeway of AAC is its lower natural effect.
2. Improved warm proficiency decreases the warming and cooling load in structures.

3. Magnificent soundproofing material and acoustic protector.
4. Exceptionally fire and termite-safe.
5. Produced in an assortment of structures and sizes.
6. Decreases venture cost.
7. AAC ingests dampness from air and discharges moistness.
8. Establishment of electrical and plumbing lines are simple.
9. Postage is increasingly affordable.
10. AAC is a sturdy material.

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Rajib Dey
www.constructioncost.co
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UHPC - Ultra High Performance Concrete

The Ultra high performance concrete (UHPC) is characterized as concrete that has a base determined compressive strength of 150 MPa with indicated solidness elastic malleability and tough­ness prerequisites; fibers are commonly included to accomplish indicated necessities. This is according to ACI 239R-18.

Generally, the UHPC comprises concrete, silica smolder, fine quartz sand, high range water decreasing admixtures, steel fibers, and low water to cementitious materials running from 0.15 to 0.25. It is conceivable to utilize a diverse blend with various constituent materials, for example, coarse total and strengthening materials to improve a particular property of concrete.

The mechanical properties of UHPC incorporate compressive strength higher than 150 MPa, and supported post splitting elasticity more prominent than 5 MPa. Ultra-high-performance concrete solidness is impressively better than that of standard concrete since its pores are irregular, which decreases fluid infiltration.

That is the reason this sort of concrete is utilized in various structural building structures, for example, highway foundation applications and basic recovery to address a portion of the primary plan, administration life, and life cycle costing issues identified with the utilization of concrete.



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How to Pour Concrete on Slab on Grade (SOG)

Reason and extension: The reason for this strategy proclamation is to clarify the best possible technique on the best way to get ready and cast piece on grade 1 or any level component or part including obsession of steel support, MEP embedment, fixing of shade and so forth without wounds.

After refilling works the following is throwing chunks on grade (ground), ensuring that all the zones underneath grade pieces have been appropriately inlaid and compacted.

Endorsement must be gotten from the Engineer for waterproofing and inlaying works preceding beginning chunk on grade throwing.

Here is the technique articulation of Slab on Grade planning and concrete pouring. The purpose for this strategic statement is to clarify the best possible technique on the best way to get ready and cast section on grade 1 or any flat component or part including obsession of steel support, MEP embedment, fixing of screen and so forth without wounds.

Materials and References:

1. C40/20 Concrete Grade with added substances
2. Twisted bars or A393 BRC work
3. Affirmed drawing

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www.constructioncost.co
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Types of Stairs, Explained

When deciding to build a stair, you need to know what type of stair you want to use. For this, you need to be well versed in stair terminology. Today, we will talk about the types of stairs in use throughout common building practices.

Types of Stairs: The Types of Stairs that are common in residential and commercial buildings are: Straight Stairs, L Shaped Stairs, U Shaped Stairs, Winder Stairs, Spiral Stairs, Curved Stairs, Ladders

Now let us see about them in detail.

Straight stairs: Straight stairs will be stairs without any adjustments in heading. They are certainly one of the most widely recognized sorts of stairs found in both residential and commercial properties. Below are examples of straight floating stairs made with an assortment of stringer styles, railing types, and wood species.

Straight stairs with a central landing: On longer flights of stairs, a landing is embedded to separate the flight. Building codes require this for floor heights over 12 feet. Especially in commercial buildings, straight stairs frequently have platforms halfway up the run of the stairs.

Pros of Straight Stairs:
1. Straight stairs will in general be the most straightforward to go up and down, or, rise/dive, as we state in the industry.
2. They are typically the most effortless to build, in any case, this relies a lot upon the level of detail in the design.
3. Straight stairs only should be associated at the top and the base (no middle supporting structure is required).
4. They function admirably with minimalist designed homes due to their inborn simplicity.
5. By selecting more slender tracks, open risers, and slim metal stringers, straight stairs can be made more straightforward than different sorts of stairs, allowing less obstruction to the view past.
6. No landing is required if the number of risers is held under 16 or the overall vertical tallness is less than 12 feet.
7. It's relatively simple to build railings and handrails for straight stairs.
8. Measuring for railings for straight stairs is simpler than for other stair designs.



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Rajib Dey
www.constructioncost.co
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The Goa-Karnataka Highway Project to Start Soon

The IRB Infrastructure Developers Ltd. have announced the commissioning of the Goa-Karnataka Border Highway to Kundapur on Wednesday. The highway is to have four lanes and have a concession life of 28 years. The projected cost of the construction is Rs. 3447 crore.

One of the biggest private companies in India to build road infrastructure, the IRB has constructed over 12600 kilometers of lanes already. With impeccable reputation, they seem to be well-suited to handle this project. With this project commissioned, all the 12 projects under the company’s wing presently ongoing are going to be revenue generating.

The actual commissioning is done by the IRB Westcoast Tollway, a subsidiary of IRB Infrastructure. They have commissioned the Goa-Karnataka Border to Kundapur 4-lane highway project. Thus it will be open for vehicular traffic.

Features of the project:

Total length of serviceable road: 61.26 km
Pedestrian underpasses: 9
Vehicular underpasses: 3
Flyovers: 4
Minor bridges: 39
Major bridges: 14
Intersections with other roads: 23
Culverts and similar passes: 573
line over bridges: 3
Toll fee collection plazas: 3
Concessional life: 28 years
Estimated total cost of construction: Rs. 3,447 crore

The company chairman and managing director Virendra D Mahaiskar said, “We are happy to commission the important coast highway infrastructure link between West and South India. We believe that the project would bring the world class and safe commuting experience of the highway infrastructure in India.”



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Minimum Foundation Depth for Houses

The foundation of a house is what holds the structure up, carries its entire weight. When you try to design a new building, you must consider how deep the foundation should be in order to properly support the building. This is called the foundation depth. It is measured by the vertical distance between the footing and the natural ground surface.

Expansive Soil: One thing to be kept in mind here that light soil has expansive properties. Due to wet and dry weathers, the soil can inflate and condense accordingly. This changes the effective natural ground surface level.

As a rule of thumb, foundations are placed under this level of soil, where such changes do not occur. That is about a meter in depth, in most cases.

However, this can be significantly higher if you have expansive soil or black cotton soil on site. This type of soil can take a load of 200-300 kpa only. Any more and the building will settle.

Groundwater Under Soil: Also, another thing to be kept in mind when deciding the minimum foundation depth is the presence of water under the ground. If the groundwater table is close to the foundation, then the soil under the foundation can flow around.

Water seeps up into the soil and makes it weak. To resist this, the bottom of the footing should be placed at a deep enough place where groundwater does not seep into the soil any more.

Cold Regions: Frost changes the nature of soil. It heaves the soil upward and that may create cavities underground. For this reason, in cold regions where snowing and/or ground frosts are normal, the foundations for outside columns or walls should be placed below the level down to which frost can affect the soil.

In the northern US, this can be as deep as 1.5 meters. Further, if the internal walls are heated, then the outer walls would require a deeper foundation so that the heat does not alter the soil properties.

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Rajib Dey
www.constructioncost.co
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How to Study Civil Engineering Drawings

The first step in any construction project is to prepare a visual plan for the building. This is called the drawing, a visual representation of the project with dimensions and appropriations so that civil engineers can understand what the architect actually wants them to build.

To make sure there is no misinterpretations, one needs to follow some basic steps to understand the drawing. Here is a brief guide on how to study civil engineering drawings.

Familiarize the Scale

You have to understand exactly how large the objects are going to be in real life from the drawing itself. In a civil engineering drawing, the scale is maintained religiously all throughout the documents.

Generally the scale is 1/4th or 1/8th, but there may be other variations as well. Sometimes one set of plans may contain different scales on different pages if they need to depict very large and small objects at once.

You must be able to understand at a glance the real scale of the object from the drawings.

Read more

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Best Calculators Construction Engineers are Using

The construction industry is near the top of the most math-heavy fields of work. Each project starts guzzling out numerical data right from the very beginning of the process. All that information needs to be calculated using the proper tools to produce the desired result.

Chances are, you have been using some basic calculator to help in this work. A standard engineering calculator can be found in most civil engineers’ bags. Worse, we see that in modern days people are using the calculators in their mobiles in this task. However, if you are a construction manager worth your salt, you would know that these generalized tools are pathetic when it comes to handling complicated building-related data. Wouldn’t you wish there were calculators custom-built for construction jobs?

Fortunately, there are. Today, we will look into a few gadgets built specifically to handle the computational needs in a construction project. These calculators support custom functions, fractional computing, unit conversion, and a lot of other stuff specifically needed for building construction managers and civil engineers. Some of these are portable devices and some again are mobile apps. The 5 most popular construction calculators are:

1. Construction Master Pro
2. Construction Calculator-Building Material Estimate
3. Jobber 6
4. C-Calc Pro
5. Materials Estimating Calculator

Construction Master Pro: The flagship of Calculated Industries general construction calculation tools line, Construction Master Pro looks like any standard scientific calculator in a nice solid shockproof casing at first glance. Look closer, however, and you will see a myriad of custom functions and tools ornamenting the keypad.

Covering a wide range of constructional computation activities, this device can calculate details of building to framing to concrete work. Not only measurements, but you can also use this device to calculate how much material you need for building a given structure, the volume in excavations as well as fillings, and even go as far as counting the number of transports and their costs for your project.

The Construction Master Pro covers unit conversion needs as well, and unlike a scientific converter it will not needlessly bog you down into unnecessary unit lists. It can convert to and from all building standard units like foot, meter, inch, centimetre and so on. Another advantage this device offers is the conversion of not only lengths but also areas and volumes.

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How to analyze rate for brick masonry work

While analyzing the rate of brickwork, it is essential to ascertain the quantities of materials (bricks and mortar) and labors. There are different types of ratios for mortar which range from 1:2, 1:4, 1:6, 1:8 etc. Go through the following like to determine the quantity of mortar.

Estimating the quantity of bricks is necessary for the rate analysis.

Quantity Estimation for Brick Masonry - To analyze the rate of brick masonry, 1m3 of brick masonry is taken:

1. Number of bricks for 1 cubic meter of brick masonry:
For 1m3 of brick masonry, the number of typical size of bricks must be 494.

2. Quantity of mortar for 1m3 of brick masonry:

For 1m3 of brickwork, the quantity of the mortar should be 25 – 30%, i.e. 0.25m3 – 0.3m3 of cement masonry. For this purpose, cement mortar is selected as 0.3m3 .

Labor Estimation for Brick Masonry:
Labors which are essential for brick masonry belong to mason for brick work, labours for transmitting materials (sand, cement, bricks, and water), mixing and transporting mortar.

The quantity of labor is provided as requirement of labour in longer period for 1m3 of brick masonry.

1. Mason: The quantity of mason necessary for 1m3 of brickwork is provided as 0.94 days.
2. Labor: The quantity of labor for different types of works like carriage of materials, blending of mortar, carrying of mortar etc. are amassed. The labour necessary for 1m3 of brick masonry is for 1.57 days.

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Some useful methods for estimating building works

The following method are useful for working out various building quantities like earth work, foundation concrete, brickwork in plinth and super structure etc.

a) Long wall – short wall method
b) Centre line method.
c) Partly centre line and short wall method.

a) Long wall-short wall method: Under this method, the wall along the length of room is treated as long wall whereas the wall that is situated vertically to long wall is called short wall. To find out the length of long wall or short wall, initially compute the length of centre line for separate walls. Then compute the length of long wall, (out to out) once half breadth at each end is added to its centre line length. Therefore, the length of short wall is calculated into in and is built by subtracting half breadth from its centre line length at each end. The length of long wall normally declines from earth work to brick work in super structure whereas the short wall enlarges. In order to obtain quantities, multiply these lengths with breadth and depth.

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Published By
Rajib Dey
www.constructioncost.co
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