Design of circular composite beams with a different concrete core considering the effect of concrete in tension

Presently, the bending resistance of composite steel and concrete circular beams and beam-columns is evaluated supposing the connection amid the steel shell and concrete core but overlooking the behavior of the part concerning the concrete core in tension.

Some natural and numerical researches reveal that an effect of this part of the concrete core on the total value of bending resistance of a composite member is supposed to be very crucial.

For that reason, this paper explains the process evolved for the design of hollow and solid concrete-filled steel tubular beams on the basis of the test data. It considers an effect of the part of the concrete core in tension and provides an improved agreement with test results than EC4 (EN 1994-1-1 2004).

Also, the paper provides the outcomes of executing analytical, experimental and numerical studies of the hollow centrifuged and solid concrete-filled steel tubular beams.

Link for download Design of Circular Composite Beams and Columns

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Published By

Rajib Dey

www.quantity-takeoff.com

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How to develop robust StoneTree concrete fence walls

This construction video highlights the effectiveness of StoneTree concrete fence walls. To develop the precast concrete fence the StoneTree® Precast Concrete Forming System is applied.

It is the most secured complete panel precast system in the present construction industry. This robust concrete fence wall performs like a hurricane resistance wall. StoneTree concrete fence wall is developed with combo-cast panel, column units together with rigid footing.

There is a texture design on both sides of the wall. StoneTree concrete fence wall systems reduce installation cost significantly and facilitate rapid installation.

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Published By

Rajib Dey

www.constructioncost.co

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How to renovate a bathroom by prepping the subfloor properly

Go through the following construction video to get some useful construction tips for renovating a bathroom by installing new tile in the bathroom. Before doing that you have to learn how to take out old tile floor.

Here the most crucial part is to prep the subfloor. You will learn how to set up a waterproof tile membrane over the subfloor. While prepping the subfloor, the proper process should be undertaken.

To obtain complete information on the above, visit http://low.es/1icES2j

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Published By

Rajib Dey

www.constructioncost.co

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How to analyze rates for Civil Engineering Projects

In order to settle a rate for a specific item, the factors liable for influencing the rate of that item, should be analyzed cautiously. So, the method of finding out the rates of an item is called as analysis of rates or rate analysis and it is dependent on the following elements :-

1.Specifications of works and material concerning their quality, proportion and      constructional operation method.

2. Quantity of materials and their costs.

3. Cost of labours and their wages.

4. Location of site of work and the distances from source and conveyance charges.

5. Overhead and establishment charges

6. Profit

Cost of materials at source and at site of construction: The costs of materials are assumed as supplied at site all-encompassing the transport local taxes and other charges.

The objective of Analysis of rates:

1. To compute the per unit real cost of the items.

2. To calculate the reasonable exercise of materials and processes in accomplishing the specific items.

3. To calculate the cost of additional items which are not presented in the contract bond, but should be executed following the instructions of the department.

4. To modify the schedule of rates because of raising in the cost of material and labor or owing to alteration in technique.

standard schedule of rates: The labor charges is gathered from the standard schedule of rates 30% of the skilled labour submitted in the data may be considered as Ist class, left over 70% as II class. The rates of materials for Government works are predetermined by the superintendent Engineer for his circle annually and accepted by the Board of Chief Engineers. These rates are integrated in the standard schedule of rates.

Lead statement: The “Lead” is defined as the distance among the source of accessibility of material and construction site and it is presented in Km. The cost of conveyance of material relied on lead.

This statement will provide the total cost of materials per unit item. It consists of first cost, conveyance loading, unloading stacking, charges etc.

The rate demonstrated in the lead statement are intended for metalled road and contain loading and staking charges. The environment lead on the metalled roads are obtained by multiplying by a factor.

a) For metal tracks – Lead x 1.0

b) For cartze tracks – Lead x 1.1

c) For Sandy tracks – Lead x 1.4

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Published By

Rajib Dey

www.quantity-takeoff.com

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Engineering Libraries – An exclusive construction app for Civil & Structural Engineers

LetsConstruct, the leading developer of various android based engineering apps, is the creator of Engineering Libraries.

It is a useful construction app for Civil & Structural Engineers to collect information for the construction industry. This construction app can be applied for the following :-

• Steel

• Concrete

• Wood

• Soil

• Materials

• General profiles (circular & rectangular)

• Includes EU, US, CA, RU, UK, AU steel profiles

• Metric & Imperial(see options)

The most updated version is Engineering Libraries v0.88 that contains updating to material design as well as concentrated on steel profile Parametric profiles and Freeform sections.

Download Civil / Structural engineering app

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Published By

Rajib Dey

www.quantity-takeoff.com

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How to estimate the quantities of masonry works

In a Masonry work, the cement and delicate aggregates devoid of any coarse aggregates are applied for constructing a structure. There exist various types of masonry work:

1. Brick Masonry

2. Concrete block / brick masonry

3. Stone / rubble masonry

4. Clay tiles, etc.

Masonry works like brick masonry, concrete block, stone or rubble masonry are usually estimated with volume, but in some cases these are computed with regard to area where the thickness of masonry is confined to single brick or single block. Tiling is estimated in area.

To estimate the quantities of masonry work, the wastage of materials like bricks, cement or sand as well as the types and classes of bricks, blocks or tiles are not considered. All types of masonry works are calculated individually into categories to estimate the perfect cost of construction on the basis of its price.

To estimate masonry works, the guidelines given below should be maintained:-

1. Masonry is computed as “net in place” containing deductions for openings like doors, windows, ventilation etc.

2. Various shapes of masonry units are individually estimated which range from rectangular, circular etc.

3. Masonry at various heights is estimated individually as masonry at greater elevation from ground may need scaffolding and hoisting.

4. Masonry work is estimated independently in the following diverse: a. Facings, b. Backing to facings, c. Walls and partitions, d. Furring to walls, e. Fire protection

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Published By

Rajib Dey

www.constructioncost.co

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Ferrocement is a useful construction material to prevent structural damages due to earthquake

Ferrocement refers to a one type of thin wall reinforced concrete generally formed with hydraulic cement mortar reinforced together with tightly placed layers having continuous and comparatively small size wire mesh. Metallic or other suitable materials are used to develop the mesh.

Ferrocement contains a very high tensile strength-to- weight ratio and greater cracking behavior as compared to traditional reinforced concrete. Therefore, the thin ferrocement structures seem to be comparatively light and watertight. Extensive use of the ferrocement materials are found in developing prefabricated housing units, boats, barges as well as hulls for boats, shell roofs, and water tanks and other portable structures. Ferrocement is approved by ACI 549R-97 for the above mentioned structures. Ferrocement is considered as a superior material because of its tightly apportioned reinforcement.

Ferrocement provides great advantages to the construction professionals due to cost efficiency, accessibility of materials, quick time of fabrication and flexibility of extension and portability.

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Published By

Rajib Dey

www.constructioncost.co

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