Application of Waterproofing

The reason for the application of waterproofing is to forestall the water to permeate or enter into any underground concrete members. At the point when the water enters into the subgrade concrete-like establishment, for example, tangle establishment, balance, rafter, and so forth the steel fortification that is inserted in the concrete would erode because of a concoction response brought about by water and the structure would inevitably come up short.

Application of waterproofing particularly for enormous structures would need to be carefully administered by a quality specialist so as to forestall disappointment of application or dissention to the quality method.

In this technical explanation, we'll be going to utilize the membrane type waterproofing, this sort of waterproofing is fitting for structures like tall structures which has a more profound establishment where water pressure is amazingly high.

Here is the technique explanation for application of waterproofing membrane.

Reason and Coverage

The reason for this technique articulation is to portray the measures and methods of the best possible application of waterproofing membrane in our undertaking. Work will be completed according to the drawing and task determination.

Work strategy

Work readiness and application of primer: Any undulations or distensions on a superficial level would be expelled so as to get a smooth surface. The surface must be completely cleaned and liberated from dust, soil free materials, grease or oil. Then, some 50x50mm sized filet made of concrete sand (1:3) blend would be put along corners of dividers or neck segments and some other intersections.



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Published By
Rajib Dey
www.constructioncost.co
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How to Control Reinforcement Activities On-site

It is imperative to control reinforcement activities in a building construction site. Otherwise the building may get damaged due to any shift in loads, or may simply break down at the slightest seismic activity.

First of all, you need to hire one or more qualified engineers to oversee different parts of the construction process. Aslo, you need to assign as many assistants as necessary to them.

A. Planning Phase: You need to study the documents concerning the project carefully as to divine the exact requirements. You also have to make sure the planning goes according to technical specifications. Then locate the provisions regarding mode of measurement in item fee agreement.

Check the objects payable which includes reinforcement, and whether or not laps, spacers and chairs are payable or inclusive. Arrange the required applicable codes,requirements and different related documents at the website for reference and study.

Study the tender drawings without fail. Calculate quantity as in keeping with the preliminary drawings, Dia clever and grade sensible. Mastermind the necessary pertinent codes, standards and other related archives at site for reference and study.

Study the delicate drawings without fail.Calculate amount according to the starter drawings, Dia savvy and grade insightful. Set up the monthly shrewd obtainment plan according to the development plan. Get ready to obtain a calendar of authoritative alongside support plan.

Plan for spread squares and joins (whenever required) ahead of time to get the required quality of spread squares thrown at site. Get Dia shrewd and grade savvy amounts from creator for singular amount contract if drawings were not accessible at starting phases of undertaking for arranging acquisition.

Permit a stock of 45 days while arranging obtainment or relying on the accessibility. Indent just 90% of amounts of absolute necessity till you have every endorsed attracting to keep away from varieties because of configuration/drawing corrections.

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Published By
Rajib Dey
www.constructioncost.co
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Building Construction Work Sequence

A constructor needs to follow the work sequence carefully. Otherwise, the whole process of building construction might crash. Thus it is very important to maintain and follow the work sequence in building construction carefully. Let us see how it should be done properly.

1. Paper Work: The paperwork for the building needs to be finished even before the work actually begins. This includes:-

a. Preparation of drawings and diagrams
b. Material and construction cost estimation
c. Labor costs and contingency measures
d. Approval of design from local development authority
e. Any other legal work that may be necessary

2. Layout Marking: The plan boundaries need to be marked on the ground. Only the approved plan should be marked down. The ground inside and outside the site should be cleaned of any undesirable elements. Accurate dimensions and orientations must be followed while marking down the layout.

3. Excavation Work: The foundations of the building need to be placed under the ground level, onto a solid bed. For this, much excavation work needs to be done on site according to design. The wall foundations and column foundations may require different types of foundations. For this reason, different amounts of excavation may need to be done.Suitable machinery like dozers need to be used for large scale excavation. Not only that, you need to carry off the excavated earth to a suitable location as well.

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Published By
Rajib Dey
www.constructioncost.co
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Guidelines for rebar detailing of RCC structures

Reinforcement Detailing or Rebar detailing is a detailed construction engineering process normally accomplished by the Rebar fabricators, structural engineering consultants or the contractors for generating ‘shop/placing’ drawings or shop drawings and bar bending schedule of steel reinforcement for construction. Architect/Engineers(A/E) produce ‘Design Drawings’ with the purpose of adding strengths with rebar size, spacing, location, and lap of steel.

Rebar Detailing is also known as Rebar scheduling, RC Detailing and Bar Bending schedule predation, RC Drafting, etc in different countries.

Objective of Rebar Detailing - The rebar detailing is done for the following purposes :

a) To produce an error-free Bar bending schedule, when fabricated should be accommodated in the concrete formwork devoid of any issue. The similar Bar Bending Schedule should be utilized for accounting and invoicing.

b) To develop a detailed Rebar placing drawing (known as Rebar Shop drawings). This Rebar placing drawing assists an Ironworker to place rebar perfectly in the site efficiently.

c) To allow the structural engineer to verify and approve when the structural design intent is precisely transformed into the Rebar Placing drawings and Bar bending schedules.

d) To perform a Rebar wastage analytics and minimize probable scrap existing in the Drawing level.

Standard Hooks: The term “standard hook” is defined as follow -

1. 180o bend together with an extension of minimum 4 bar diameters, but not below 65 mm at the free end of the bar.
2. 90o bend together with an extension of minimum 12 bar diameters at the free end of the bar.
3. For stirrup and tie anchorage.

For 16 mm φ bar and smaller, a 90o bend along with an extension of minimum 6 bar diameters at the free end of the bar,

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www.constructioncost.co
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Inspection & Testing Method of concrete

This civil engineering article focuses on the test method required for evaluating the concrete work.

Concrete construction activities should be done on the basis of the job site specifications, methods and drawings. Concrete inspection and testing should be executed by experienced personnel to ensure that requirements of the specifications, methods and drawings are satisfied.

Tests of concrete is conducted to make sure that the compliance to specifications should be performed by a certified Concrete Field Testing Technician.

If not mentioned anywhere else in the specifications and/or drawings, at least six concrete cubes should be developed and treated as a set. If not mentioned anywhere else, the cubes will be tested in the following ways :-

2 cubes at 7 days
2 at 28 days
2 held in reserve

The results obtained from the test, should be noted on a spreadsheet and in a way conformable to QC procedure: Statistical Techniques.

Unless stated otherwise in plan specifications or drawings, one set of cube should be created for each 150 cubic yards of concrete laid as defined in building codes. Minimum one set of cubes should be formed on each day concrete is laid irrespective of the quantity of concrete.

Application of QC procedures: Process Control as a guide, Contractor should fix a meeting with the subcontractor before pouring the first concrete. This meeting will be conducted so that the subcontractor can narrate his/her plans for the concrete pour along with all the areas scheduled in this section of the procedure.

Batch Plant Inspection: Contractor retains the power to examine any and all concrete batch plants which will deliver concrete to the construction site. A “walk through” inspection should be carried out before the production of concrete is started.

If it is required, examinations can be done throughout concrete production. Given below, the major inspection items for every type of batch plant inspection:

Preliminary Inspection

• Check that aggregates are loaded in exact bins
• Examine that aggregates are not polluted
• Examine that scales and measuring devices contain current calibration stickers and seem to function perfectly
• Examine that the plant contains a current local authority approval certification
• Examine that concrete trucks remain in proper working condition
• Examine that entire operation of the plant seems to be professional, systematic, relatively clean, well maintained, etc.
• Examine that batch plant operators should have adequate knowledge (verify their certificates or certifications)
• Examine that batch tickets provide crucial information (amount of hold back water, list of ingredients, batch times, size of load, indication of mix ordered, etc.)
• Examine that the plant and delivery equipment can form homogeneous concrete as per the requirements of ASTM C-94
• Make sure that the plant and delivery equipment satisfy the capacity requirements of the job

Throughout Concrete Production (if necessary):

• Examine that correct mix has been loaded into the batch plant computer
• Examine that equipment is working properly (admixture dispensers, scales, moisture indicators, etc.)
• Examine that truck counters have been reset to zero once the mixing water has been added to the mix
• Examine that water used to “wash down” the concrete truck prior to leaving the plant area does not enter the concrete mix
• Examine that the amount of hold back water is stated on the batch ticket
• Make sure that the concrete coming out from the plant will satisfy the specifications for temperature, air content and slump (testing at the plant should be conducted if required)

Concrete Mix Design: All proposed concrete mixes should be provided to Consultants via main contractor for verification and approval before application. The projected mixes delivered for use shall comprise of a concrete strength break history as stated in ASTM and shall include suitable test results and/or certificates of conformance on all constituents which will be applied in the certain concrete mixes.

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Published By
Rajib Dey
www.constructioncost.co
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