Types and Design of Staircases

RCC Structures are only strengthened solid structures. RCC structure is made out of building parts, for example, Footings, Columns, Beams, Slabs, Staircase and so forth. These parts are fortified with steel that offer security to the structure.

Staircase is one such significant segment in a RCC structure. In this article, we will talk about various kinds of staircases and study the dog-legged strengthened concrete solid staircase structure.

About Stairs: Stairs consist of steps orchestrated in an arrangement for motivation behind offering access to various floors of a structure. Since a stair is regularly the main method for correspondence between the different floors of a structure, the area of the stair requires great and cautious thought.

In a private house, the staircase might be given close to the fundamental passage. In an open structure, the stairs must be from the primary passageway itself and found midway, to give fast availability to the vital condos.

All staircases ought to be enough lit and appropriately ventilated.



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Published By
Rajib Dey
www.constructioncost.co
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Calculation Method of Concrete Quantity for a Staircase

In order to work out the quantity of a staircase, it is required to determine the concrete volume for the followings :-

• Steps and waist slab of 1st flight
• Steps and waist slab of 2nd flight, and
• Landing

Concrete volume for 1st flight of the staircase: The calculation is done based on the following dimensions :-

Riser = 6 inches
Tread = 10 inches
Length of a step = 4 feet
Number of steps = 9
The thickness of the waist slab = 6 inches

Concrete volume for the waist slab: To get the concrete volume for the waist slab, the inclined length of the waist slab be measured first. Inclined length of waist slab can be measured from the architectural plan.

The horizontal length of a waist slab is determined by,
=number of steps x tread
= 9 x 10”
= 7′-6”

The height of the landing top from floor is,
= number of riser x height of riser
= 10 x 6″ [number of riser = number of steps = 1]
= 5 feet

Therefore, the inclined length of the waist slab should be as follow :-
=√{(horizontal length)2 + (Height)2}
= (7’-6”)2 + (5’)2
= 9’ (round up)

Therefore, the concrete volume for the waist slab should be calculated with the following formula :-
= inclined length of waist slab x width of waist slab (width of a step) x thickness of waist slab
= 9’ x 4’ x 6”
= 18 cubic feet

Concrete volume for steps: Since steps come as triangular shape, so the volume of a step should be as follow :-
= ½ x tread x riser x length of a step
= ½ x 10” x 6” x 4
= 0.84 cubic feet

As there are 9 numbers of steps in a flight, therefore, the concrete volume for the steps of the first flight should be as follow :-
= 9 x 0.84
= 7.56 cubic feet

Therefore, the entire concrete volume for the 1st flight of the staircase should be computed as follow :-
= Waist slab concrete + steps concrete
= 18 + 7.56
= 25.56 cubic feet

Concrete volume for 2nd flight of the staircase: In case the 1st flight and 2nd flight are equivalent in drawing, the concrete volume will be similar. That is,
= 25.56 cubic feet

Concrete volume for the stair landing: The calculation is done on the basis of the following dimension :-
Length of landing = 8’-6”
Width of landing = 4’-6”
The thickness of landing = 6”

Therefore, the concrete volume for the landing will be as follow :-
= 8’-6” x 4’-6” x 6”
= 19.12 cubic feet

Therefore, the total concrete volume for the staircase should be as follow :-
= 1st flight concrete + 2nd flight concrete + landing concrete
= 25.56 + 25.56 + 19.12
= 70.24 cubic feet

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Published By
Rajib Dey
www.constructioncost.co
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Some vital guidelines for measuring staircase dimensions and designs

A staircase mainly includes a series of steps which involve a tread (the horizontal portion, where the foot stands) and a riser (the vertical portion).

In every step, there are one or more landings, handrails, and a small nosing. The latter obtrudes from the tread over the lower step, facilitating to raise its size devoid of inclusion of centimeters to the overall dimensions of the staircase.

By using the following formula, find out the exact dimensions of a convenient and efficient staircase in accordance with its use.

2 Risers + 1 Tread = 63-65 cm

The required space to attain these optimal dimensions is unavailable sometimes, but it's suggested to approach them as much as possible.

A schematic illustration of a steep and low-transit staircase.

(2 x 21) + (1 x 21) = 63 cm

A schematic illustration of an optimal staircase.
(2 x 18) + (1 x 28) = 64 cm

A schematic illustration of a loose staircase, desirably for exterior application.
(2 x 13) + (1 x 39) = 65 cm

Sample measurement of a staircase that should be 2.60 meters high.

1. Workout the required number of steps - Assume an ideal riser of 18 cm, the height of the space is divided with the height of each step. The result should always be rounded up:
260/18 = 14.44 = 15 steps

2. Workout the height of every riser - The height of the space is divided with the number of steps already acquired:
260/15 = 17.33 cm height for each riser.

3. Workout the width of the tread - It can be calculated with the following formula:
(2 x 17.33 cm) + (1 x tread) = 64

Each tread will be computed as 29.34 cm

The consequential staircase will contain 15 steps of 29.34 cm of tread and 17.33 cm of riser.

Based on the use and local regulations, there should be a minimum width of 80 cm for stairs in single-family homes, and more than 1.00 meters in public buildings.

Preferably, a stairway shouldn't contain in excess of 15 steps in a row. After 15 steps, a landing should be arranged. It's suggested that a landing is calculated minimum the same as 3 treads.

The height among the steps and the ceiling should remain 2.15 meters at minimum. The height of the handrail differs among 80 and 90 cm from each step.

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Published By
Rajib Dey
www.constructioncost.co
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How to develop stairs – Some useful tricks

By watching this construction video tutorial, one can sharpen his/her knowledge for developing stairs. The video also provides detailed information on how to measure the individual riser height by separating it into the total height among the lower and upper floors as well as estimate individual part perfectly.

While developing stairs, focus should be given on proper layout and some theoretically delicate calculations. Stairs must adhere to stringent building codes to maintain proper safety and climbing comfort.

There are three prime components in a standard staircase like stringers, treads and risers. Stringers, generally cut from 2 x 12s, which belong to the sloped boards for providing support to the other components and bearing the weight of people walking on the stairs. They're usually arranged 16 in. on center. While defining the width of the staircase, wider width is preferred as people can wal on wide staircases securely and comfortably.

Treads build the top surface of every step, and risers are set up directly below the front lip of each tread. Some stairs don't contain risers but it should be avoided as risers safeguard the uncovered endgrain of the notched stringers from the weather.

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Published By

Rajib Dey

www.constructioncost.co

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