How to resolve incorrect myth about column construction

The super structure can be developed in different methods. The walls of houses for two to three storied structures can be constructed with bricks containing the slabs, lintels, chajja etc. in reinforced concrete in the regions where superior quality bricks are obtainable.

Such construction is known as load bearing construction due to the whole load generating from the slabs, beams, walls etc is delivered to the foundation via the brick walls.

In the regions where natural disasters like earthquake or high speed storms occur frequently, such load bearing wall construction is unsafe for resisting horizontal drifts if not retrofitted. This type of construction is appropriate upto G+2 storied building on the whole.

The demand for RCC (Reinforced Cement Concrete) framed construction will be increased to cope up with the requirement of developing high storied building with natural hazards.

Generally, RCC framed construction comprises of a series of columns which are arranged properly in the house and interconnected with beams to build a frame. These columns deliver the building load to soil located below via RCC footings.

The frame, starting from the foundation, has to be designed by A structural engineer will design the frame that start from the foundation as well as settle on the mix of concrete to be applied, the sizes of columns and beams, the reinforcement to be arranged therein, on the basis of the loads to be retained by the structure.

Definition of Column: Column stands for a vertical compression member that transfers the load of the structure to foundations. They are reinforced with the use of main longitudinal (vertical) bars to withstand compression and/or bending; and transverse steel (closed ties) to withstand shearing force.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Published By
Rajib Dey
www.constructioncost.co
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

How to Calculate the Safe Bearing Capacity of Soil

It is extremely important to figure out the safe bearing capacity of the soil at the construction site. If this is not done properly, the structure may settle, and the building may get damaged, or even collapse. For this reason, we perform various tests to find out the safe bearing capacity of the soil. Today, let us see how we can do this.

The safe bearing capacity of soil is defined as the maximum load per unit area that the soil can bear without any displacement or settlement. This is measured in terms of kilograms per square centimeter. If the load exceeds this mark, the soil will start to displace or break. This will lead to structure settlement, which can end up in destructive results.

Formula:
Safe bearing capacity of soil = (ultimate bearing capacity)/(Cross-section area x Factor of safety)

Explanation: The ultimate bearing capacity of the soil is the point at which the soil starts to displace under load.

Any soil can take up to a certain amount of load only, after which it starts to settle or displace.

The cross-section area is the area of soil on site on which the tests are being performed. It can be a square meter in general practice.

The factor of safety indicates how safe the soil capacity results must be before considering a certain type of construction. Naturally, it depends upon the type of building being constructed. It is kept at 2 for general civil constructions and 3 for high-rise or heavy constructions.


~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Published By
Rajib Dey
www.constructioncost.co
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

About Precast Concrete Piles - the Pros and Cons

The most common type of them, a precast concrete pile is a deep foundation used to transfer loads from a upper, soft layer of soil to a hardar, capable lower layer. They can be rectangular, square, round or polygonal in shape. Extra reinforcements are provided in the concrete so as to provide support for the forces received before the instalent.

The precast concrete piles are constructed in a casting yard. Then they are transported to the required location and installed as necessary. They are constructed by pouring the concrete in a conventional reinforcement cage. This has several steel bars in horizontal and vertical positions, held together by individual or spiral ties.

Types of Precast Concrete Piles - There are two main categories into which we can divide:

1. Driven Precast Concrete Piles: It is precast in a construction yard and then hammered into the soft ground at the target location. At most they can go up to 40 feet deep.

2. Bored Precast Concrete Piles: After they are made in the construction yard, they are transferred to the target location. The location already has boreholes for the piles; they are just lowered into these holes. Any space remaining between the bore hole and the pile is grouted.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Published By
Rajib Dey
www.constructioncost.co
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Variations among framed structures & load bearing structures

Structures are available with several models like solid, framed, shell, load bearing, membrane, composite, trusses, cables and arches, surface structure etc. They are categorized depending on the geometry so as to obtain strength and withstand various types of loads.

Under a framed structure system, a framework or ‘skeleton’ comprising beams and columns is applied to bear the structural loads down the building to the foundations. Generally, the framework is made of steel or reinforced concrete, but in very small (normally single-storey) structures, it is built with timber or aluminium.

Under a non-framed structure system, the wall itself becomes load-bearing. These load-bearing walls are normally constructed by masonry, but reinforced concrete is also used to build up them. Here, the loads are transferred to the foundations through walls.

Given below, the points of variations among framed structure and load bearing structure.

1. Framed Structure: A framed structure integrates different structural components like beam, column and slab which are attached together to defend the gravity and various lateral loads. The purpose of these structures is to control the large forces, moments caused by the applied loads.

Load Bearing Structure: In Load bearing structure, the loads of the roofs along with lateral loads are carried by walls, and through walls they are delivered to lower floor and finally to foundations.

2. Framed Structure: Framed structure contains beam, column, and slab.

Load Bearing Structure: Load bearing structure contains heavy masonry walls with brick or stone that provides support to the whole structure.

3. Framed Structure: In framed structure, vertical load transfer path directs from slab/floor to beam, beam to column and column to footing and then to soil.

Load Bearing Structure: In load bearing structure, vertical load transfer path directs from slab/floor to walls and walls to footing.

4. Framed Structure: Multi storey buildings with various heights are built up. These buildings are normally suitable for office, hotel, residential apartment and provide the vertical circulation in the form of stairs and lifts which engross up to 20% of the floor area.

Load Bearing Structure: Limited storey buildings are built up. For load-bearing construction, in several countries, even 14 storied buildings are constructed only with masonry.

5. Framed Structure: Framed structure has strong resistance capacity against Earthquake.

Load Bearing Structure: Load bearing structure is not very effective to withstand Earthquake due to its limitations. But for low rise buildings, it functions equally well.

6. Framed Structure: In framed structure all the walls are leaner.

Load Bearing Structure: In load bearing structure walls are denser.

7. Framed Structure: In these types of structures, there are lots of carpet areas and they are leaner.

Load Bearing Structure: In these types of structures less carpet area is available, as walls are thicker and hence carpet area efficiency of planning is less.

8. Framed Structure: Less excavation is required for this type of construction.

Load Bearing Structure: Higher excavation is required for this type of construction.

9. Framed Structure: It is less material intensive.

Load Bearing Structure: It is more material intensive and as a result the dead load is increased

10. Framed Structure: Thickness of wall is unchanged during the construction. Thickness of wall is not changed if the height is raised.

Load Bearing Structure: Thickness of wall remains inconsistent during the construction. The thickness of the wall is raised when the height is higher.

Read more

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Published By
Rajib Dey
www.constructioncost.co
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~