Some vital points a site civil engineer should abide by

Least density of the slab should be 125 mm.
Absorption of water should not be over 15%

Lapping is unaccepted for the bars which contain diameter over 36 mm.

Longitudinal reinforcement should be not under 0.8% and in excess of 6% of gross C/S.
At least 4 numbers of bars should be used for square column and 6 numbers of bars for circular column.
Minimum density of the slab should be 125 mm.
Lap slices are not recommended for the bar greater than 36 mm.
Water absorption of bricks should not surpass 15%.
PH value of the water should not be under 6.
Dimension tolerance for cubes should be +2 mm.

Densities of different types of construction materials :-

Steel = 7850 kg/Cum
Cement = 1440 kg/Cum
Brick = 1682 kg/Cum or 1920 kg/cum
Sand = 1100 to 1600 kg/cum

To get these information online, watch the following construction video.

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Published By
Rajib Dey
www.constructioncost.co

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Step-by-step guidelines to develop a concrete block wall

A concrete block wall is formed with standard size concrete blocks. The standard size belongs to 8 inches. The sizes of the blocks may differentiate based on the design parameters and standards fixed by an engineer for the concrete structure.

A structure that is build up with concrete block is susceptible to concrete corrosion. Therefore, blocks are pre-coated to resist corrosion in the concrete block wall structure.

This construction video tutorial briefly shows how to construct a 20 feet long block wall from scratch with your own effort.

The block wall is built up on the basis of the following specification :-

Grade N units should be used for concrete blocks.

F’C (the specified compressive strength for concrete) should be 2500 psi for footing.

Reinforcing Steel should have been A615 Grade 40 or 60.

Fill all cells having steel with grout along with bond beam.

The wall should have been plumb and all block courses should be level.
Reinforcing steel splices should be at least 24”.

The first course should be arranged in fresh concrete for footing.
No of wall or fence should be permissible inside 36” of a fire hydrant and no wall, fence or foundation should be permissible inside 12” of a water meter.

Makin proper plan to adjust the height, location and design of the wall on the basis of the zone, location on the community design standards. Planning should be sanctioned before any permit is issued.

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Published By
Rajib Dey
www.constructioncost.co

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Analysis and Design of Concrete Retaining Wall

Concrete Retaining Wall Design: Before starting, initially, we should verify the constancy of the retaining wall. Besides, verification should be done for overturning and sliding prior to continue with the design.

The bearing under the foundation should also be examined. If the soil provides support to the wall, bearing pressure below the foundation of wall shall be under the acceptable bearing capacity.

To start with, you should inspect the retaining wall and determine the bending moments and shear forces with the use of an analysis software like SAP2000 or PROKON or any other software or with calculations by hand. If there are dissimilarities like steps in the retaining wall and the emphasis is given on stress variation of the wall, you can utilize software like SAP2000 or ANSIS.

Calculations by hand can be performed for basic retaining walls which do not contain lots of complications. As for instance, cantilever retaining wall is examined by making its behavior simple. You can imagine the boundary condition "fixed" at base to get the bending moments and shear forces of the wall. Once the wall forces are detected, you can get the forces of the base of the wall. The most suitable process will be applying a software to locate the bending moments and shear forces.

To know about the complete process, click on the following link. structuraldesignbs.blogspot.in

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Published By

Rajib Dey

www.constructioncost.co

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