Details about low cost housing

Low Cost Housing is gaining popularity in recent times. This type of housing is based on productive budgeting and useful methods which facilitate decreasing the construction cost through the application of locally obtainable materials together with superior skills and technology devoid of comprising the strength, performance and longevity of the structure.

The low cost housing is performed by managing all the resources perfectly. The cost reduction is possible by suspending finishing works or utilizing them in phases.

Building Cost - The building construction cost is segregated as follow:

Building material cost : 65 to 70 %

Labour cost : 65 to 70 %

In low cost housing, building material cost is reduced due to application of the locally obtainable materials. Besides, the labour cost is also decreased by correctly making the time schedule of the work. The cost is decreased with the selection of more efficient material or by a superior design.

The cost can be decreased in the following areas :-

1) Minimize the plinth area with the use of thinner wall concept. As for instance 15 cms thick solid concrete block wall.
2) The locally obtainable material should be employed in a untraditional form like soil cement blocks instead of burnt brick.
3) Apply energy efficient materials so that less energy is consumed, as for instance, concrete block instead of burnt brick.
4) Apply eco-friendly materials in place of traditional building constituents, as for instance R.C.C. Door and window frames instead of wooden frames.
5) Plan in advance each constituent of a house and streamline the design method for minimizing the size of the constituent in the building.
6) By planning every constituent of a house the wastage of materials caused by demolition of the unplanned component of the house is bypassed.
7) Each constituent of the house should be verified whether if it’s necessary, if it is unnecessary, then that constituent should not be applied.



Read more
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Published By
Rajib Dey
www.constructioncost.co
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Different types of quantity surveyor in surveying field

A professional quantity surveyor is employed by the client and the contractor’s quantity surveyor. These comprise of a private practice QS who performs with an organisation in an office and instructs clients as well as develop a bill of quantities for various contractors on various projects.

In a private practice, the quantity surveyor works in tandem with various architects and clients. The other type is a contractor’s QS where his/her works for the similar contractor on various projects that they possess and is utilized to generate bills of quantities for this contractor.

1. Consultant / Client Quantity Surveyor or PQS

They perform a wide array of activities which range from cost planning, value management, feasibility studies, cost benefit analysis, life cycle costing, tendering, valuation, dispute resolution and cost estimating.

Usually, quantity surveyors implement control over construction costs by making perfect measurement of the necessary work, the application of expert knowledge of costs and prices of work, labour, materials and plant required. It allows them to get a clear view of the significances of design decisions at initial phase as well as provide suggestions the employer/client accordingly.

2. Contractor’s Quantity Surveyor

A contractor’s QS role works out the daily running of building projects, estimating, contract administration and construction planning together with commercial, cost and project management.

Contractor’s quantity surveyor is liable for accomplishing the operations equivalent to those of the PQS; i.e., the computation and pricing of construction work, but particularly that actually executed by the Contractor (and the Contractor’s Sub-Contractors).

The quantity surveyor from a contractor company has to undergo additional liabilities like sub-contract formation, handling all matters associated with costs and values of the project along with payment and cash flow forecasts.

Besides, quantity surveyors there are openings for other types of jobs like Senior Cost Estimator, International Surveyor, Logistics Specialist, Land Surveyor, Cost Engineer, Structural Engineer, Estimating Engineer, Civil Engineer, Estimator and Construction Estimator.

Senior Quantity Surveyor –They take ownership as well as liability for the team. He/she reports daily to the lead partner of the surveying firm.

Mechanical and Electrical Quantity Surveyor – They have to take complete responsibility for all types of mechanical and electrical works. These professionals normally specialize in big projects primarily from the end of government.

Project Quantity Surveyor – They arrange bills of quantities, project estimates, and tender appraisals and, perform project reviews.

The positions will be always vacant for a quantity surveyor inside large construction firms, architecture firms, law firms, governmental agencies and construction advisory firms. Any project or firm employs QS to oversee any project and check the buildings to be in conformity with all codes.

An ideal QS should possess an accredited degree and the necessary professional certifications.

Read more

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Published By
Rajib Dey
www.constructioncost.co
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Various types of loads acting on building structure

The types of external loads, operating on building and other structures, are categorized as the following :-

1. Static loads belong to the forces which are applied sluggishly and then turns out to be almost constant.

2. One instance is the weight, or dead load associated with a floor or roof system.
3. Dynamic loads fluctuate with time. They comprise of repeated and impact loads.
4. Repeated loads are forces which are used several times. These types of loads can make a difference in the magnitude, and occasionally also in the sense, of the internal forces. A good example is an off-balance motor.

5. Impact loads stand for forces through which energy is occupied in a short timespan by a structure or its components time. An instance is the falling of a heavy weight on a floor slab, or the shock wave emerged out an explosion striking the walls and roof of a building.
6. External forces are also categorized as distributed and concentrated.
7. Uniformly distributed loads belong to a distributed load that contains a constant value like 1kN/m. It’s magnitude stays uniform all through the length. Uniformly distributed load is generally denoted by W and is stated as intensity of udl over the beam, slab etc. The instance of this load is dead weight of a rolled-steel I beam.

8. Concentrated loads belong to forces containing such a small contact area that is omitted corresponding to the whole surface area of the supporting member. As for instance a beam supported on a girder can be taken, for all practical purposes, a concentrated load on the girder.
9. Another common category for external forces which are labeled as axial, eccentric, and torsional.
10. An axial load pertains to a force whose resultant goes over the centroid of a section under consideration and stands upright to the plane of the section.
11. An eccentric load stands for a force that stands upright to the plane of the section under consideration but not going through the centroid of the section, therefore bending the supporting member.

Read more

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Published By
Rajib Dey
www.constructioncost.co
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~