How a quantity surveyor can make calculation with DWG or PDF files or scanned images

This construction video tutorial offers some useful suggestions on how a quantity surveyor can make estimation with the help of DWG or PDF files or scanned images.

Here the calculation is carried out by associating the drawing to the HTML section. The drawing of entities are created on the plan while exploring on a CAD drawing.

Based on the formula provided to the item, the linear value of your phase value is impacted automatically.

While choosing the item from the catalogue, prior to make calculation, make sure that there is connection amid the estimates modules and the formatting of the region document.

To get more information, go through the following video.



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Published By
Rajib Dey
www.constructioncost.co
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How to perform slump cone test for testing the workability of concrete

This construction video tutorial is based on slump cone test. It is one of the most recognized field tests on fresh concrete.

Slump test is undertaken to evaluate the functionality of fresh concrete as well as verify the water ratio and the consistency of concrete from batch to batch.

The instruments which are used in slump test comprise of a mould shaped like the frustum of a cone having the following dimensions :-

Bottom Diameter : 200 mm
Top Diameter : 100 mm
Height : 300 mm
Tamping rod of steel should contain diameter of 16 mm, 600 mm long and rounded at one end.

The following methods are used to work out slump :-

nternally and externally cleanse the inner surface of mould without applying any grease or oil.

Fill the mould with concrete in 4 layers.

Tamp each later with 25 strokes of the rod to get rid of bubbles and voids.

Allocate the strokes consistently over the whole cross-section of the mould.

The rod should infiltrate each bottom-line layer.

By applying a trowel, eliminate surplus concrete after the top layer.

Take away mould gradually and vertically.

The concrete will slump or slide.

Calculate the slump height in mm.

To maintain normal functionality, the slump should not be over 50 mm.

Cleanse the slump cone.

To get more detailed information, go through the following video tutorial.

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Published By

Rajib Dey

www.constructioncost.co

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How to calculate hinged support, normal thrust and shear of a three hinged circular arch

This construction video tutorial is based structural analysis. You will learn how to make calculation of reaction at the support as well as normal thrust and shear for three hinged circular arch.

This video is presented by renowned engineer Mr. Parag Pal.

Three hinged system:

a. A three hinged system comprises of two plates, attached collectively with a hinge containing two hinged supports A and B resting on the ground.
b. When the plates 1 and 2 comprises of curved bars, the system is known as a three-hinged arch.
c. The distance 1 among the centers of the hinges at the support is known as the span of arch.
d. When distance f from the center of the crown hinge to the straight line going through the former two is defined as its rise.

The reactions of a three hinged arch will be completely established with four parameters, as for example, the amounts of reaction Ha, Hb, Va, and Vb.

So, a three hinged system is always statically determinate.

Benefits:

a. The bending moments and shears operative over cross sections of three hinged arches are significantly smaller as compared to the subsequent stresses in a simple beam covering the equivalent span and bearing the same load. So, three hinged arches are inexpensive relating to ordinary beams, specifically for large span structures.

b. Calculations are very simple as compared to other type of arches.
c. No bending moments are generated at the abutments and the crown since hinges cannot withstand moments.
d. Differential settlements of the supports do not impact stresses, since the pines or hinges allow the arch to assume the slightly different shape consequent upon settlement.

e. The pin joints allow the arch to modify itself to expansions and contractions because of alterations in temperature.

In this video, solution is given to the following problem: A three-hinged circular arch hinged at the springing and crown points contain a span of 40 m and a central rise of 8 m. It bears a consistently distributed load 20 kN/m over the left-half of the span collectively along with a concentrated load of 100 kN at the right quarter span point.

Determine the supports, normal thrust and shear at a section 10 m from left support.

To get the solution, go through the following video tutorial.

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Published By
Rajib Dey
www.constructioncost.co
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Method of constructing post tension RCC slab

In this construction video tutorial, you will learn how post tension RCC slabs are built up as well as how post tensioning is performed and benefits of post tensioning process.

POST TENSION SLAB: It refers to the slab that is tensioned as soon as the slab is developed. Reinforcement is arranged to avoid the compression.

In Post tension slab, cables or steel tendons are utilized to substitute the reinforcement. Post-tensioning offers a solution to get rid of the natural weakness of concrete in tension as well as optimize its strength in compression.

In concrete structures, this is obtained by arranging high-tensile steel tendons/cables in the element prior to start the casting. If the concrete attains the required strength, the tendons are pulled with special hydraulic jacks and retained in tension with specially designed anchorages which are attached at each end of the tendon.

It creates compression at the edge of the structural member that increases the strength of the concrete for resisting tension stresses.

If tendons are correctly curved to a specific profile, they will exert, other than compression at the perimeter, a useful ascendant set of forces (load balancing forces) that will neutralize applied loads, alleviating the structure from a portion of gravity effects.

In this type of concrete slab, cables are affixed in place of reinforcement. In Steel reinforcement the gapping among bars is 4inch to 6inch while in Post tension slab the gapping is in excess of 2m.

Go through the following video tutorial, to get more details on post tension slab.

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Published By

Rajib Dey

www.constructioncost.co

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How to use kani’s method for making analysis of continuous beam

In this construction video tutorial, the renowned civil engineer, Mr. Parag Pal, has briefly explained how kanis method is used to continuous beam that contains fixed ends, to evaluate the beam and obtain the final moments.

The continuous beam comprises of the point load and the UDL load.

This method was developed by Dr. Gasper Kani of Germany in 1947.

The method provides a iterative scheme for employing slope deflection method. It is mostly recognized for frame analysis.

It comprises allotting the unidentified fixed end moments of structural members to adjoining joints, with the purpose of meeting the conditions of continuity of slopes and displacements.

Benefits:

1. Kani’s method circulates the total joint moment at any phase of iteration.

2. The more crucial feature of Kani’s method is that it is self reformative. If any fault occurs at any phase of iteration, amendment is made in consequent steps.

Framed structures are seldom symmetric and dependent on side sway, therefore Kani’s method is considered as greatest and much easier as compared to other methods like moment distribution method and slope displacement method.

To get more information on kani’s method, go through the following video tutorial.

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Published By
Rajib Dey
www.constructioncost.co
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Different types of beam section in RCC structures

In this construction video tutorial, you will gather information on different types of beam section in RCC structures. Usually, there are three types of beam sections which range from balanced beam section , under reinforced beam section and over reinforced beam section.

It is known that a beam comprises of two components i.e. reinforcement and concrete.

Balanced Beam Section: If the ratio of steel to concrete in a section prevails in such a manner that the strain in steel and strain in concrete attain their maximum values all at once, the section is identified as a balanced or critical section and the percentage of steel in this section is defined as critical steel percentage.

Under-Reinforced Beam Section: Under-reinforced section: A section that contains steel percentage below the critical percentage is called as under-reinforced section. As steel lacks to adjust compression in concrete, the tensile strain in steel attains yield value whereas the highest compressive strain in concrete is under its ultimate crushing value.

The section undertakes large rotational deformations from the preliminary phase of yielding of steel to the final stage of crushing of concrete, providing adequate warning of impending failure.

Given below, an extensive lists of different types of basic geometry formulas :-

Yielding of steel in under-reinforced beam section does not signify that the structure has failed, because if steel yields, extreme deflection and cracking in beam will happen prior to failure which provides sufficient time to occupants to escape ahead of the section fails.

The failure in under-reinforced beam section occurs as the concrete attains its ultimate failure strain of 0.0035 prior to steel attains its failure strain which is greater than 0.20 to 0.25.

Over-Reinforced Beam Sections: Reinforced concrete beam sections, in which the failure strain in concrete is attained sooner than the yield strain of steel is obtained, are known as over-reinforced beam sections.

If over-reinforced beam is designed and loaded to complete strength then the steel in tension zone will not yield much prior to the concrete attains its ultimate strain of 0.0035. It happens because of little yielding of steel, the deflection and cracking of beam does not happen and provide enough warning prior to failure.

Failures in over-reinforced sections happen suddenly. This type of design is not approved in practice of beam design.

To get more in-depth information, go through the following video tutorial.

Video Source: Tutorials Tips

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Published By
Rajib Dey
www.constructioncost.co
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Variations among Plinth Area and Carpet Area

In this construction video tutorial, you will come to know the variation among carpet area and plinth area as well as types of area included and excluded in carpet and plinth area.

Carpet area means the actual utilized area of a building. Floor area is similar to carpet area. Built up Area is the carpet area along with the width of outer walls and the balcony.

Super Built Up Area means the built up area along with the proportional area of common areas like the lobby, lifts shaft, stairs, etc. Generally, carpet area is 75% of super built up area.

Plinth Area or Built-Up Area means total covered area of the building unit. It is measured by adding areas of utility ducts surrounded by property unit, internal and external walls to the carpet are. It covers 10 to 20% more area from carpet area.

In carpet area, included items are all rooms, kitchen and bathrooms, store and balconies and excluded items are porch, lift, corridor etc.

In plinth area, included items are carpet area, internal & external walls, cover of stairs, porch excluding cantilever and excluded items are balconies, curvature of building (curves & sheds to enhance the look of the buildings) etc.

To get more clear ideas, go through the following construction video tutorial.

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Published By

Rajib Dey

www.constructioncost.co

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Cost Control Technicals for Construction Projects new version

This is the video, which could teach how to quote Item Rate Tender, Calculate its Market Rate, Calculate Resource Cost Breakup, Calculating Earn Value Analysis, Cost Control and Resource Management.

This programme made by Shailesh Sonar holds over 20 million links & calculations which are interconnected, more than 10thousand formulae which are used,total 4000 thousand Civil item rate analysis based on standard rate analysis. It includes all type of civil Engineering Calculations.

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Published By

Rajib Dey

www.quantity-takeoff.com

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