Some popular IS Codes in building construction

A code demonstrates the consent of opinion of experienced engineers and professionals.

The codes offer the instructions for the design and construction of structures. They are modified repeatedly to take account new progress (in research, materials, construction methods, etc..) & experience obtained from earlier design practice, behavior of prevailing structures, and collapsing of structures.

Codes include proposed loads for a specified locality, and proposed safeguard for fire and corrosion. They also comprise of rules to manage the processes in which loads should be employed as well as design rules. These rules should be available as detailed recommendations or by reference to other standards that offer specific design rules. The codes should be treated as supports to the design that comprise of stress levels, design formulae, and recommendations for good practice.

The codes primarily offer the following functionalities :-

• They guarantee sufficient structural protection, by designating specific crucial minimum requirements for the design.
• They help the designer in the design method. Often the analysis are accessible like simple formula or charts.
• They make sure to maintain uniformity among several engineers.
• They safeguard the structural engineer from disputes, through codes in various cases do not provide legal protection.

Given below, the detail lists of IS codes which are commonly utilized for Building Construction Practices.

IS 883:1994 Code of practice for create the design of structural timber in building
IS 965:1963 Identical metric units for scales, dimensions and quantities in general construction work.
IS 1414:1989 Code of practice for the settlement of wall coverings.
IS 1477(Part 1):1971 Code of practice for painting of ferrous metals in buildings: Part 1 Pre treatment.
IS 1477(Part 2):1971 Code of practice for painting of ferrous metals in buildings: Part 2 Painting.
IS 1597(Part 1):1992 Code of practice for construction of stone masonry: Part 1 Rubble stone masonry
IS 1597(Part 2):1992 Code of practice for construction of stone masonry: Part 2 Ashlar masonry

IS 1634:1992 Code of practice for design and construction of wood stairs for houses
IS 1649:1962 Code of practice for design and construction of flues and chimneys for domestic heating appliances
IS 1834:1984 Specification for hot applied sealing compound for joints in concrete
IS 1838(Part 1):1983 Specification for preformed fillers for expansion joint in concrete pavement and structures (non extruding and resilient type): Part 1 Bitumen impregnated fibre
IS 1838(Part 2):1984 Specification for preformed fillers for expansion joint in concrete pavement and structures (non extruding and resilient type) Part 2 CNSL Aldehyde resin and coconut pith
IS 1905:1987 Code of practice for structural use of unreinforced masonry
IS 1946:1961 Code of practice for use of fixing devices in walls, ceilings and floors of solid construction

To get more detail lists, go through the following link enginneringcivil.blogspot.com



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Published By
Rajib Dey
www.constructioncost.co
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How temperature plays an important role on concrete

The concrete is extended with the rise in temperature and contracted with reduction in temperature. The range in difference in temperature differs from areas to areas, seasons to seasons and day to day.

The crack may happen in concrete because of contraction integrated with the impact of shrinkage.

Sometimes, big and injurious stress may produce owing to deformation that takes place for temperature variation.

The coefficient of thermal expansion of contraction is dependent on the type and quantity of cement, aggregate, proportionate humidity and sizes of section.

In high temperature, the concrete is influenced by the following factors :-

1. The elimination of evaporable water
2. The elimination of combined water
3. Modification in cement paste
4. Disruption (of beam) from discrepancy of expansion and resultant thermal stresses
5. Modification of aggregate
6. Alteration of bond among aggregate and paste

Cycles of temperature can provide a gradual impact on the curtailment of strength and even long-lasting curing can’t improve the loss.

Tensile strength of concrete is mostly affected with temperature.
If the heating is adequately fast, high stresses can be added and therefore, failure and instability may occur.

Read Continue

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Published By
Rajib Dey
www.constructioncost.co
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Some useful tip on placing of Reinforcement

Reinforcement should be perfectly arranged and sufficiently supported prior to placing of concrete as well as safeguarded against displacement within allowable tolerances which are given below.

The tolerances, given below, should be maintained while placing reinforcement unless otherwise mentioned by the engineer:

(a) Tolerances for depth d, and minimum concrete cover in flexural members, walls and compression members should be as follow :-

Tolerances for Placing Reinforcement

Tolerance for d - Tolerance for Minimum Concrete Cover

d ≤ 200 mm ±10 mm –10 mm
d > 200 mm ±13 mm –13 mm

(b) Regardless the provision of (a) above, tolerance for the clear distance to formed soffits should be minus 6 mm and tolerance for cover should not be in excess of minus 1/3 the minimum concrete cover stated in the design drawings or specifications.

(c) Tolerance for longitudinal location of bends and ends of reinforcement should be ± 50 mm, excluding at discontinuous ends of brackets and corbels, where tolerance should be ± 13 mm and at discontinuous ends of other members, where tolerance should be ±25 mm. The tolerance for concrete cover should also be used in discontinuous ends of members.

Welded wire reinforcement (with wire size not more than MW30 or MD30) applied in slabs not over and above 3 m in span should be allowed to be curved from a point adjacent to the top of slab over the support to a point near the bottom of slab at midspan, in case such reinforcement is either continuous over, or securely anchored at support.

Welding of crossing bars should not be allowed for assembly of reinforcement unless the concerned engineer approve.

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Published By
Rajib Dey
www.constructioncost.co
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Watch The Demo Of Advance Steel, A Powerful 3D BIM Steel Detailing Software

The following video clips from Graitec demonstrate the functionalities of Advance steel to develop a building instantly.

Advance Steel is a powerful BIM based software that offers streamlined solution to 3D steel detailing. It contains automated and comprehensible tools for generating the 3D model of any building in the best time. Besides, these tools can be utilized for purlins, side rails, automatic connections, stairs, railings and lots other. The tools can produce portal frames as well as various cladding profiles.

Advance Steel detailing software is developed on the basis of the popular AutoCAD platform. The software offers huge benefits to Structural engineering professionals to speed up the process for design, steel detailing, steel fabrication, and steel construction.

The most updated version is Advance Steel 2017and to use the newest version, one should subscribe to AutoCAD 2017.

Advance Steel offers the following advanced features :-

Parametric connections

Model steel rapidly with a library packed with ready-to-use connections.

Steel shop drawings

Apply adjustable templates to produce superior-quality drawings.

Revit interoperability

Apply a BIM process from design to fabrication.

Stairs, railings, and cage ladders

Model diverse steel work more faster.

Choose and view parts of a model

Isolate and demonstrate selected components.

Bidirectional link with Revit

Accelerate time to fabrication through model synchronization with Revit.

AutoCAD Plant 3D interoperability

Incorporate real-time workflow.

Robot Structural Analysis interoperability

Make optimal use of your structure through bidirectional links.

Click on the following link to get all the features :-

www.autodesk.com/products/advance-steel/features/all/gallery-view

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Published By

Rajib Dey

www.constructioncost.co

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Design of circular composite beams with a different concrete core considering the effect of concrete in tension

Presently, the bending resistance of composite steel and concrete circular beams and beam-columns is evaluated supposing the connection amid the steel shell and concrete core but overlooking the behavior of the part concerning the concrete core in tension.

Some natural and numerical researches reveal that an effect of this part of the concrete core on the total value of bending resistance of a composite member is supposed to be very crucial.

For that reason, this paper explains the process evolved for the design of hollow and solid concrete-filled steel tubular beams on the basis of the test data. It considers an effect of the part of the concrete core in tension and provides an improved agreement with test results than EC4 (EN 1994-1-1 2004).

Also, the paper provides the outcomes of executing analytical, experimental and numerical studies of the hollow centrifuged and solid concrete-filled steel tubular beams.

Link for download Design of Circular Composite Beams and Columns

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Published By

Rajib Dey

www.quantity-takeoff.com

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How reinforce concrete is considered as the most vital construction material for steel construction

With some powerful features like variability, flexibility and fire & corrosion proof strength, reinforcement is considered as the most crucial construction element for steel construction that an reduce the maintenance cost of any structure significantly. Superior quality cements are used in reinforcement concrete that produce more stronger and long-lasting concrete to be applied in various types of structures.

The usage of Reinforced concrete can be found in building the floor and roof slabs, columns and beams in residential and commercial structures.

Currently, the reinforced concrete is extensively used for bridges having small, medium and long spans which produce aesthetically superior and cost-effective structures with regard to steel bridges.

The application of reinforced concrete is also found in various earth retaining structures ranging from abutments for bridges and retaining walls for earthen embankments.

Reinforced concrete is perfectly applicable for water retaining structures similar to ground and overhead tanks and hydraulic structures similar to gravity and arch dams. The material is very much acceptable for building up the big domes for water tanks and sports stadiums and conference halls.

Reinforced concrete grid floors formed with beams and slabs are broadly utilized for wrapping large areas like conference halls where it is necessary to arrange free space for column.

For aircraft hangers, reinforced concrete shells containing lean circular slabs and deep edge beams can reduce the cost significantly.

Reinforced concrete folded plate construction is utilized for industrial structures where it is essential to arrange large column free space under the roof.

In coastal areas where corrosion is inevitable for developing the marine structures like wharfs, quay walls, watchtowers and lighthouses. For warehouses in coastal areas, reinforced concrete trusses are useful to support steel trusses.

Now-a-day Reinforced concrete poles substitute steel poles for transmitting power. Tall towers for TV transmission are consistently erected with reinforced concrete.

Various Multistorey buildings for both residential and office complexes are constructed indiscriminately with reinforced concrete. For heavy duty floors in factories, reinforced concrete is very much suitable because of its resistance to corrosion and longevity.

In atomic structures, reinforced concrete is ideal to steel for pressure vessel construction caused by the greater radiation absorption characteristics of high strength and high-density concrete.

In Reinforced concrete piles, both precast and cast-in-situ are some of the vital elements for groundwork of various types of structures like bridges and buildings. The pavements for highways and airport runways are also constructed with reinforcement concrete.

So, we can say reinforced concrete is the most crucial material for developing the most simple to composite structures. With the inclusion of superior quality in cement and steel, the use of reinforced concrete will be significantly increased in 21st century.

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Published By

Rajib Dey

www.quantity-takeoff.com

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