Fixed Cross Section Prestressed Concrete

Prestressed concrete is versatile to a wide assortment of basic frameworks. These incorporate pre-tensioned and post-tensioned structures, both cast set up and precast, and other prestressed elements related to regularly reinforced concrete. While there is no broad arrangement for precast and prestressed concrete, it is valuable to amass certain elements and structures to clarify how prestressed and precast concrete is designed and built.

Prestressed and precast concrete might be considered in four general classes:

1. Standardized Elements
2. Fixed Cross Section Elements
3. Fully Engineered Elements
4. Precast Non-prestressed Elements

While there is some cover, each gathering has its own special attributes. We will discuss the Fixed Cross Section Elements of prestressed concrete today.

Fixed Cross Section Elements

The design engineer is required to decide the prestressing forces and tendon areas in fixed cross section circumstances. Two regular fixed section design conditions are post-tensioned pillars and slabs for building or parking structure development, and girders for bridge development. Different utilizations of fixed section elements incorporate structures, for example, water tanks and post-tensioned slabs on-ground.

Flat plate and flat slab floor frameworks are undeniably appropriate for the utilization of post-tensioning tendons. Another well known framework is single direction slab and pillar floor frameworks that are thrown set up. The design engineer determines a tendon profile geometry and a normal viable post-tensioning force important to fulfill the design necessities.



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Published By
Rajib Dey
www.constructioncost.co
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Some common issue in building plumbing system

Plumbing installations play a vital role in buildings since these supply clean water to several types of plumbing fixtures and then send used water to the sewage system. Water should be delivered uninterruptedly and safeguarded from contagion, and drain pipes should have sufficient diameter and no obstructions.

In this article, you will be familiar with common plumbing issues and how to get rid of them.

Preferably, plumbing installations should be done in an optimal way from the project design stage since restructuring a defective system in an existing building becomes complicated because there are several pipes implanted in floors and walls.

1) Defective Venting in Plumbing Lines

When there is not sufficient venting, flow is obstructed and fails to take away used water from fixtures quickly. Under plumbing systems, vents should arrange proper air movement into the pipes, but devoid of allowing odors out. The venting design also combines stacks which are extended to the rooftop, making sure that odors are discharged without affecting anybody.

2) Backflow

Backflow comprises of water movement opposite to the proposed direction in a pipe. The backflow occurs for the following reasons:

• Back siphonage means a cutback in upstream pressure. As for instance, water supply pressure is reduced with an abrupt surge in consumption.
• Back pressure means a surge in downstream pressure. As for instance, in high-rise buildings, gravity drive the water back that is stored in the piping system and the supply pressure should be considerably high enough to overcome this effect.

Read more



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Published By
Rajib Dey
www.constructioncost.co
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