Repairing Concrete Damages in Reinforced Structures

There are sure advances that should be considered so as to choose whether abandoned concrete needs repair or not, and determine legitimate repair procedure and material if repairing is required.

These repair steps would guarantee a fruitful repairing process that is done proficiently and successfully without exercise in futility and cash. Repair of concrete is required every once in a while as the structure gets old because of a few reasons. These steps are discussed below.

1. Decide Causes of Concrete Defects: The assurance of makes that drove the deformity ought to be done appropriately so as to handle the issue. In the event that the reason for damage is killed or declined, as it were, the repaired basic part would be increasingly solid and have a more extended assistance existence without the requirement for upkeep.

Be that as it may, in the event that the mindful factor of concrete damage can't, at that point a similar concrete imperfection can rehash itself later on and may bring about the misuse of cash and endeavors.

It ought to be realized that multiply or a few elements may add to the concrete deformity viable. Right now, the elements should be managed in any case the repair work would not meet its objectives.

Variables that may adversely affect the solidness and uprightness of the concrete structures are awful climate, cavitation, scraped area, fortification erosion, synthetics assaults, carbonation, breaks, plan and development deformities, and maturing of the structure.


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Published By
Rajib Dey
www.constructioncost.co
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What is Caisson Foundation and How is it Used in Construction

A Caisson Foundation is basically a watertight box with the top open. It is sunk into water to gain access to the bed of the stream. It is generally made of wood, steel or concrete depending upon project requirement.

Through this boxlike chamber, the workmen can make construction work at the bottom of water bodies without being hampered by the water. Accordingly, this is mainly used to place foundations at river beds.

Caissons are generally made on shore first. Then, They are launched into the water body. The caisson is then floated to the designated spot. Then they are sunk vertically to the bottom. After ensuring that the caisson is waterproof, the water inside is pumped out to dry.

Types of Caisson Foundation:

1. Box Caisson: This is the most basic type of caisson. It is made of timber, concrete or steel. It is built on shore and floated to the foundation location and sunk to the bottom. It is basically a box without the top.

2. Open Caisson: This type of caisson has neither the top nor the bottom. When made in a cylindrical shape, it looks like a well without top or bottom. It can be built in many shapes - vertical, over, or any other option.

In case of building large bridges, a bathtub-like shape is preferred. Usually open caissons are made of steel plates welded together. RCC can be also used here, as the situation requires.

3. Pneumatic Caisson: This odd type of caisson has an open bottom but closed top. This has to be forced down to the bottom of the water by means of compressed air. Thus the name is derived. A pneumatic caisson consists of a working chamber, a shaft, and an airlock. The caisson is made of inner and outer layer of steel skins. Trusses and girders join them to form a boxlike structure.

The working chamber in pneumatic caissons is 3-4 meters tall only. It is made airtight with a special seal on top. The caisson’s bottom edge has a steel edge that cuts into the riverbed. All this facilitates working within the chamber while the caisson is being sunk. People can access the caison via the airlock.

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Published By
Rajib Dey
www.constructioncost.co
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Relocation of Structures

Sometimes, it is required to move a building from one place to another location. This can be required for a number of reasons, like change of land, replanning of facility or even natural causes. In such situations, a process called Structure Relocation comes into play.

Relocation of a structure essentially involves three steps. The first is to disassemble the existing structure - you need to tear the building down systematically, preserving as much material and objects as you can. The second step is transporting the disassembled building blocks to the intended target location.

This may need the involvement of heavy transport support if the location is far away. Of course, if the location is within the same property then this step reduces next to zero. The last and the most important step is to reassemble the building back again at the target location using the same building blocks from the previous structure and maybe some extra materials.

Sometimes if the building is small enough and light enough, it can be picked up as a whole and transported to the new location with minimal disassembly and reconstruction necessary. If the move is within the same piece of property, the move can be done by rolling it on temporary rails or rollers. For long distance moves, generally heavy-duty flatbed trucks are used. Though in that case many complications may arise on the way, like roadside obstacles like narrow zones, and overhead obstacles like low-hanging branches and cables.

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Published By
Rajib Dey
www.constructioncost.co
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Case Study: Vista Tower, Chicago

The construction business in Chicago has always been successful, to say the least. The city hosts major buildings and modern landmarks, as well as widespread infrastructure expansions and land developments in the outskirts of the prestigious city. By analyzing and understanding some of the biggest projects in the city, completed or ongoing, we can realize the technology and the efforts that went into developing them. This is called case studies, which are one of the best ways to understand the construction industry overall.

Today we will look into the construction of the Vista Tower in Chicago. Located at 363 East Wacker Drive, Chicago, Illinois, the construction of this megaproject is still going on and is scheduled to finish by 2020. This is going to be the third tallest building in Chicago after the Willis and Trump Towers.

The official name of the complex is Lakeshore East, and it will host a mixed-use building with both residential and hotel usage. The Vista Tower is supposed to be 101 stories tall at 1198 feet (365 meters), and it will be divided into three buildings respectively of 47, 71, and 93 stories. The building was designed to contain 406 condos and 210 hotel rooms under the Wanda Vista five-star hotel.

Designed by Jeanne Gang, the Vista Tower is being constructed by the Magellan Development Group and the Wanda Group, who are going to pump in nearly a billion dollars into the project. Point to note here that when completed, the Vista Tower will become the world's tallest structure designed by a female architect.

The Tower's proximity to the Chicago River and Lake Michigan's lakefront park system will allow the building to define the skyline with a high level of prominence. The brilliantly imagined vertically stacked frustums (pyramids with the tops cut off) made of reinforced concrete will be adorned with a flowing glass facade, colored in gradients. The building will have 19 such frustums (at most) with spandrel covered floor slab edges, which is expected to create a unique visual texture for the outer skin.

The tower being so tall, may fall victim to wind-induced swaying. To prevent this, seven water-filled tanks are placed atop the tower. When the building is pressed by the wind to sway is a certain direction, the water in the tanks will slosh in the opposite direction which in turn will offset the swaying effect. Also, since this is not enough to prevent high powerful winds exerting more power on the building sides, there will be a large "blow-through floor", the first of its kind in Chicago, near the top of the tower which will let these winds through.

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Published By
Rajib Dey
www.constructioncost.co
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Top Ten Construction Projects in World

The Construction industry is something that never stops. To achieve more living space, better infrastructure, production facility, and development, we need to be building some stuff all the time, expanding our concrete footprint everywhere. These construction projects can range from small residential houses to giant skyscrapers or miles-long bridges.

Today, we will discuss ten of these construction projects in the world, which we consider as the largest of them all. These projects not only take up huge ground area, but they are also gigantic in scope, manpower and resource usage, economic and geographical impact, and they take quite some time to build. Some of these require very different kinds of technologies to construct, as you will see below. Our list of the top ten largest construction projects includes infrastructures, industrial, and entertainment complexes.

Al Maktoum International Airport, Dubai

Spreading over 21 square miles, the Al Maktoum International Airport is the largest airport under construction ever. While the construction has been scheduled to finish in 2018, it has been delayed indefinitely. The monstrous project will eat up $32 billion in the second phase only. When finished, the airport will be able to accommodate the movements and servicing of two hundred wide-body airplanes and other assorted aircraft at one time.

Jubail II, Saudi Arabia

One of the longest-running industrial projects in the world is Jubail II, running for over 22 years. It is an industrial city, comprising of over a hundred industrial plants, a desalination plant sized eight hundred thousand cubic meters, and an oil refinery capable of producing 350,000 barrels of oil every day. The grounds of this project will be crisscrossed with miles and miles of highways, railroads, and streets to connect it with the rest of the country. It has started the second phase of expansion worth $11 billion back in 2014 is scheduled to continue building till 2024.

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Published By
Rajib Dey
www.constructioncost.co
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Five Reasons Why Off-site Modular Construction is the New Favorite

What is Off-site Modular Construction

Up until the last decade, we have always known construction business is to be conducted on project site. However, with the advent of technology, a new method of building has come up. This is called Off-site Modular Construction, and it is shaking the construction industry at the roots.

In this process, portions of a building are constructed in remote factories or fields that are specifically set up for that purpose. They are built using the same design and materials - but since they are being built in a factory for that express purpose, the construction takes about half the time. These “modules” are then carried off to the project site and are assembled there to reflect the original design of the entire project.

Growth in Modular Construction Business

There has been an increased demand for off-site modular construction, ever since the construction industry has rebounded up since 2013. Experts project that the market has progressed by 26% between 2014 to 2017.

An estimate is that the projected growth for the period 2018 to 2020 is by 4% every year. Such promising verticals can be associated with the resurgence in sectors such as education, offices, and retail. It is also a gift from with increased market for locality accommodation on infrastructure projects.

Architects, developers, and constructors are all gradually becoming aware of the plethora of benefits offered by technological innovations associated with the modular construction industry. From hotels, retail, offices, public buildings, apartment blocs to simple homes - all sorts of construction projects can be assembled with offsite modular structures.

This method of building is a favorable alternative to regular on-site construction, and it is durable and cost-effective. The main reason for that is the offsite modular building offers great quality and flexibility. It is also faster to finish the project with fewer expenses. Also, when it comes to counting the environmental impact and guaranteeing sustainability, there is no match for off-site construction methods.

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Published By
Rajib Dey
www.constructioncost.co
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