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Showing posts with label Type of reinforcement. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Type of reinforcement. Show all posts

Tuesday, October 30, 2018

Some useful tips to work out the costs of concrete

While going to estimate the cost of new concrete, different types of variables should be taken into consideration which range from surface prep, formwork, reinforcing materials, and finish work, as well as the cost of the ready-mix concrete.

It will compute the total price of the job. Costs for certain items will differ from location to location or from site to site, but a rough estimate can be obtained with some averaged amounts.

Cost Per Yard of Ready-Mix Concrete: The most vital item should be the price of concrete, whether ready-mix concrete or other concrete material is applied. As soon as the project specifications and job location are defined, get quotes from local ready-mix concrete suppliers.

Concrete pricing is generally quoted per cubic yard or cubic meter (metre). For an average estimating number, it is recommended to apply $77 per cubic yard.

Cost of Concrete Sub-Grade Work: When the concrete is placed over soil, it is required to grade or arrange the surface for the concrete. Pricing for this can contain expenses associated with grading, compacting soil, excavating, trenching, and other components.

As a perfect average, one can apply $65 per hour of work to set up the surface, provided that the surface is in excess of 75 percent leveled and no special work is required to set up the site.

Costs for Extra Sub-Grade or Site Work: When the surface is not leveled, it is required to include expenses for more site work, like excavating and filling with proper material or eliminating a soft spot on the terrain to prepare it for bearing structural loads.

Based on the distance from where the sand or any other suitable fill material will be arranged, it could include over $10 per cubic yard or meter to your estimate. The cost might be incurred for setting up polyurethane plastic or vapor barrier prior to set the concrete.

Cost of Concrete Formwork: Building concrete forms generally demonstrate a vital part of the total cost of concrete work, as it is one of the most labor-intensive features of the job. It is necessary to recognize the type of formwork to be applied, method of installation, and whether you will purchase or rent the form materials. Other related costs may involve a crane or other equipment applied to move the form materials, form release product, re-using form materials, and the cost to repair forms after different applications.

Usually, the cost of the formwork is $1.10 per square foot of the concrete area. This estimate is prepared for a square or rectangular area. The cost of formwork is increased for rounded or contoured concrete.

Cost to Finish Concrete: Concrete prices mainly differ on the basis of the type of finishing provided in the design. Concrete gets finished in various ways like smooth surface, exposed aggregate surface, or stamped concrete finish. Some surfaces need only a strike-off and screed to suitable contour and elevation, while for others surfaces, a broomed, floated, or troweled finish should be provided. To work out finishing in your concrete pricing analysis, you can include $0.75 per square foot or perhaps more, based on the complication of the specified finish. The cost of any curing compound or testing services should also be taken into consideration.

Cost of Concrete Reinforcement: Most concrete comprises of some type of reinforcement, like rebar, wire mesh, plastic mesh, or fiber which should be added to the concrete mix to raise the strength and crack-resistance. Standard reinforcing materials can include roughly $0.18 cents per square foot. This number is higher for large-diameter rebar or other special reinforcement.

Some useful tips to work out the costs of concrete

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Published By
Rajib Dey
www.constructioncost.co
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Monday, September 3, 2018

Types of columns on the basis of shape, reinforcement, loading, slenderness ratio

If the effective length of a vertical member surpasses 3 times its minimum lateral dimension bearing compressive loads, it is known as a column. The loads from the beams or slabs are transmitted to the footings or foundations via columns. Struts are inclined or horizontal members and usually short in length with regard to the columns. It bears axial compressive load.

The pedestal belongs to a vertical compression member whose effective length remains below 3 times to its least lateral dimension. (various types columns)

The columns mainly bear axial Loads and hence, they are designed for compression. Other loads from snow, wind or other horizontal forces lead to bending in the columns. Then, columns should be designed for Axial Load and Bending.

Columns are categorized into the following four types:-

a. Depending on Shape
b. Depending on a type of reinforcement
c. Depending on type of loading
d. Depending on slenderness ratio


Depending on Shape the column is divided as follow :-

Circular column: These specifically designed columns are frequently applied in piling and elevation of the buildings. In elevation, this type of column is utilized to get rid of edges. They are also suitable for sit out areas, auditoriums or fire assembly zones. The circular columns can also be used as pillars of Bridges.

Square or Rectangular Column: They are very effective in developing the buildings. These types of column are arranged when the shape of the room comes with a square or rectangular shape.

The process is very simple to erect and cast rectangular or square columns as compared to circular ones due to simplicity of working with the shuttering and support it from collapsing caused by pressure whereas the concrete remains still in flowable form. The square and rectangular ones are superior and the expenses for casting is less.

L - Type Column: They are normally utilized in the corners of the boundary wall and contain similar features of a rectangular or square column. These types of columns are seldom used.

T - Type Column: This type of column is utilized on the basis of the design needs and in the erection of bridges, etc. It contains similar features regarding a rectangular or square column.

V- Type Column: This V shaped column is normally applied when the shape of the room remains in trapezoidal. Sufficient quantities of concrete are required for constructing this column with regard to the other columns.

Hexagon Column: Hexagon columns are usually reformed columns. It contains six sides and it offers good illustrative view normally applied in elevation. The purpose of this column is to provide a good appearance to the column. It is mostly found in open verandahs, Auditoriums, Cinema halls etc.

Arch type columns: These type of columns are effective when the room contains a arch type shape. It substitutes the square or rectangular or circular type of column in a building. It is seldom used since the casting process is very complicated.

Y – Type Column: This type of column is normally applied in building the bridges, flyovers, etc.

Y type Column with Arch: It has similarity with Y-type column but it contains curved edges or sides. They are normally arranged underneath the bridges and flyovers where there occur congestion of erecting more columns to resist heavy loads on top.

To get more information on other types of columns, click on the following link civilread.com

Types of columns on the basis of shape, reinforcement, loading, slenderness ratio

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Published By
Rajib Dey
www.constructioncost.co
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