Usefulness Of Reinforced Concrete Over Plain Concrete

R.C.C. denotes Reinforced Cement Concrete, and in recent times it is considered as the primary Constructional Material to be utilized for developing various structural parts. Previously, high rise buildings were constructed with Pure Steel Structure but with the use of R.C.C., it becomes easier to obtain superior strength economically to resist any powerful imposing loads on structure.

R.C.C. is formed with two main diverse components like Concrete and Reinforcement involving Steel.

Why reinforcement is necessary?

Because of bending of a structure, one side of the structure has Neutral Axis Compresses and the other side is tensed. So both Compressive Stress and Tensile Stress grow in the structure from the Neutral Axis in the direction of the Extreme Fiber i.e. the external face of the structure in a cumulative manner according to magnitude of the stresses. So the Structure contains both Compressive and Tensile Stresses in it.

A Concrete can withstand Compressive Stresses efficiently but it can’t resist Tensile Stresses very well and it can only defy a very minute Tensile Stress. Therefore, to safeguard a structure and keep it in working condition to bear the Design Loads, the structural material should have the capability to resist both Tensile and Compressive Stresses. But the Concrete is not so powerful to combat the Tensile stress, so some steps should be initiated to provide something which can bear the Tensile Stresses established in Concrete. To make it possible, the Structural Member like Column, Beam, Slab etc are not constructed with Plain Concrete rather than Reinforced with Steel implanted in it to bear the Tensile Stresses developed.

Why Steel is applied as Reinforcement?

Because of the variation of temperature, the Concrete stretches and shrinks. Therefore, the material applied for Reinforcing will also stretch and shrink caused by the variation of temperature on the basis of their co-efficient of volumetric expansion. If the change of Volume of Concrete and implanted Reinforcement will not contain the similar amount at the surface of contact amid Concrete and Reinforcement, various types of stresses will form which can create cracking in concrete and lead to collapsing of the structure. After thorough research, It is established that the Co-efficient of Expansion of Concrete and Steel is nearly same. So with the variation of temperature, no differential Stresses will form and there will no cracks as well as collapsing of the structure.

Ref.: www.technogenome.com

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Published By

Rajib Dey

www.constructioncost.co

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How to design a single reinforced concrete beam

This construction video will be very helpful for Civil Engineering Students to learn how to create the design concerning a singly reinforced concrete beam through step-by-step processes.

Reinforced concrete belongs to one of the primary building materials applied in engineered structures and it provides the following benefits :-

• Reinforced concrete contains superior compressive strength with regards to most other materials utilized in construction.

• Good fire resistance capability as compared to steel. It can defend against fire for a long period. It is also weather resistant.

• It is endurable and offers low maintenance cost.

• To some specific sorts of structures like dams, piers and footings, it can be the most cost effective structural material.

• It can be cast to accommodate with the desired shape and extensively applied in pre-cast structural components.

• It complies with unyielding members through least apparent deflection.

• Yield strength of steel is about 15 times the compressive strength of structural concrete and well over 100 times its tensile strength.

• Formability.

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Published By

Rajib Dey

www.constructioncost.co

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IS IT TIMBER OR STEEL OR CONCRETE? WHAT WOULD BE THE BEST IN USE?

The most popular and common construction structural material Timber, Steel and Concrete has their own pros and cons. But the industry experts have also their own opinion about it. Sourceable.net has come up with great article published by Justin McGar. We have brought you an excerpt.

Timber

The chief executive of the timber development association Andrew Dunn opines, Timber has no such disadvantages but sometime creation of specific design may lead to be a huge design challenge.

The qualities of timber are well recognize and predictable now. People are started to believe that fear of fire or durability is no longer existed.

The timber use determined by its structural type, location and service life – but generally it is very lightweight, flexible of offsite manufacturing and cost effective.

Its main market is in short residential buildings but there is a rising interest in the mid-rise sector for apartments, office buildings as well as school buildings.

The Pitch: The timber’s load per unit weight to strengthen concrete and steel structure shows the high structural efficiency. Many timbers are either physically hard-wearing or can be easily treated to make very hard-wearing.

Wood with energy from the sun and carbon engrossed from the air (from the CO₂ in the air). Half the dry mass of timber is carbon engrossed from the air.

Timber used inside provides a healthier environment for dweller as it helps maintain a better relative humidity. The enormous preponderance of structural timber is sourced from sustainably managed forests and plantations.

The Treet or ‘the tree' (in picture) shows how far timber has come. A 14-storey (49-metre) apartment building in Bergen designed to comply with the Passivhaus sustainability standard. When completed it will be the tallest modern timber apartment structure in the world.

Concrete

The Concrete has been used for structures since Ancient Greece and Rome. Marianne Fourie of the International Federation for Structural Concrete believes   technological development and modernism over the centuries have polished its use. The structural concrete today permits engineers and architects to design, plan and achieve outstanding buildings that are as huge as they can be artistic. The advancement has also led to the more extensive use of pre-cast concrete, which presents great benefits of speed and cost of construction.

In the bigger edifices, such as tall buildings and bridges, nothing can be comparable to concrete. There are immense chances to add other tough materials to the concrete. The structural concrete is not only used in combination with other resources but also fit in with them as with fibre-reinforced concrete. It has ecological benefit, durability and less waste. The Centro Ovale concrete shell (Chiasso, Switzerland), exemplifies the adaptability of the material, while the Bella Sky Hotel (Copenhagen, Denmark) is an example of the innovative use of pre-cast concrete.

Steel

Steelwork in main construction is on the increasing as contractors become more in tune to the benefits of using the material in easing onsite risks, quick development for previous returns and environmental benefits, believes Alan Marshall, communications manager at the Australian Steel Institute. The US-based Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat recently reported in a study that the number of composite multi-level projects over 200 metres that characteristically includes a steel frame with metal-decking, increased 54 per cent across the globe in 2014.

Speed and efficiency: The benefits are many liker computer modeling on CNC equipment, structurally efficient, easily fabricated in controlled conditions driven by 3D modeling and CNC equipment, test certificate is always available here

Reducing onsite risks: Less number of the workers onsite where approximately 10-20 per cent is necessary for concrete connection reducing the accident liability.

Sustainability and waste reduction: The waste clearance is considerably less than for a concrete building here. More than 95 per cent of all structural steel is recoverable and reusable or recycled.

Image Courtesy: sourceable.net

The Metropol Parasol in Seville, Spain, 

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Published By

Rajib Dey

www.costestimationjournal.quantity-takeoff.com

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