Commonly used joints in sewer pipes

The following types of sewer joints are generally found :-

1. Bell and Spigot Joints.
2. Collar Joints.
3. Flexible Joint.
4. Expansion Joint.
5. Flanged Joint.

Bell and Spigot joints: This joint is also termed as socket and spigot joint. This type of joint is mostly found in cast iron pipes containing different sizes and concrete pipes under 60 cm in diameter.

The pipes which should be attached with this joint are built up in such a manner that one end is expanded and the other end is normal. The expanded end is defined as socket or bell and the normal end is spigot. The spigot end is placed into the bell end and the void of the joint is stuffed with molten lead or bitumen or cement mortar.

Collar joints: In this type of joint, the ends of sewer are plain.

Prior to attach, the pipes are carried face to face at the equivalent level and a collar of marginally larger diameter is arranged over the joint. Then the annular gap among the pipes and the collar is stuffed with cement mortar (1:1). The collar joints are utilized for sewers of big diameter.

Flexible joint: This joint is utilized at such areas where settlement is subject to happen as soon as the pipe is arranged. With this type of joint, one pipe contains spigot end and other pipe contains socket end. The spigot is set up into the socket and the annular space developed among the socket and spigot is stuffed with bitumen.

Expansion joint: This joint is adopted at places where pipes expands or contracts due to variation in atmospheric temperature. Here the socket end is cast flanged and the spigot end is plain. A flanged ring and a rubber gasket are arranged in place on the spigot end. Then the spigot end is entered into the socket end nut and bolts are secured.

Flanged joint: This joint is frequently utilized for temporary work. The pipe applied in this type of joint contains flanges on both ends. At the time of joining the pipes, a rubber gasket is entered among the flanges and nut bolts are secured.

To get more information, go through the following link civilnoteppt.com



~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Published By
Rajib Dey
www.constructioncost.co
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

How to set up line and grade in sewer sanitary system construction

n order to place grade and line for developing the sanitary sewer system, four methods are mostly applied. One of these methods or combination thereby may be utilized in the construction. Given below, the detail information on these methods.

Methods of Setting Line and Grade in Construction of Sewer Sanitary System:

1. Stakes or crosses are set up on the surface on an offset from the centerline of sewer sanitary
2. Stakes are set in the bottom of the trench on the sanitary sewer line since the rough grade for the sanitary sewer is finished.
3. Elevations provided for the finished trench grade and sanitary sewer invert whereas sanitary sewer construction proceeds.
4. A laser beam of light set in the manhole or a particular height over sanitary sewer flow line.

1. Stakes or crosses set up on the surface on an offset from the centerline of sewer sanitary: In general, this method is very effective for small diameter sewer sanitary system. Substantially, crosses, stakes, or spikes are arranged at a consistent offset from sewer sanitary centerline.

The excavated soil material should remain at one side of the sewer sanitary trench and the stakes should be arranged at the other side.

If it is required to accomplish an accurate and reasonable job, there should be perfect sheet on which reference points of sanitary sewer stations, offset, and vertical distance from each reference point from projected sanitary sewer invert will have to be recorded.

Finally, the line and grade of sewer sanitary is transmitted to the bottom of the trench with tape and plumb bob unit or tape and level.

2. Stakes are set up in the bottom of the trench on the sanitary sewer line because the rough grade for the sanitary sewer is finished: This method is ideal for large diameter sanitary sewer as well as the sloped trench wall.

For the sloped trench wall, the top width of the trench should have been significantly wide, and the deployment of short offset would not be recommended.

Under this method, surface references are transmitted to the stakes which are arranged at the bottom of trench along sanitary sewer system.

When stakes are set up at the trench bottom, string line should have been drawn among at least three points. The string line should be examined by applying the same process for batter boards.

Read more

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Published By
Rajib Dey
www.constructioncost.co
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~