BSF admixtures help to maintain sustainability in concrete and cement

Both concrete and cement play an important role for several construction projects. Concrete is primarily formed with cement, water and grains of stone. Cement is developed by mixing calcium silicate with portions of aluminum and iron compounds.

The following construction video explains the total procedure for creating these materials.

This animated construction video also focuses on the functionality of concrete superplasticizer Glenium to make the best use of these materials for making concrete more flexible, long-lasting and resilient.

BASF Glenium superplasticizers enhance the structural properties of concrete as well as its eco-friendliness.

By applying BASF's concrete admixture Glenium, up to 50 percent of the cement clinker is substitued with other materials. These materials consist of fly ash, a byproduct of coal-fueled electric power plants, or blast furnace slag obtained throughout steel production and recycled for these purposes. Thus, Glenium admixtures facilitates savings of up to 60 percent carbon in concrete production. So Glenium is very vital element to reduce carbon emissions in cement production.

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Rajib Dey

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Benefits of externally bonded reinforcement toward concrete & masonry

If concrete or masonry structures contain inadequate strength, externally bonded reinforcement provides good solution. Externally bonded fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composite systems is considered as the greatest substitute to traditional methods for solidification and retrofit. But the epoxy matrix of FRP systems is unstable to failure in high-temperature or aggressive surroundings.

Fabric-reinforced cementitious matrix (FRCM) systems are gaining popularity as a feasible substitute to FRP systems. FRCM systems are originated as a progression of FRP where the epoxy matrix is substituted with a cementitious matrix. With the cementitious matrix, FRCM systems can function efficiently under high temperatures, humidity, and ultraviolet radiation as compared to FRP systems. The cementitious matrix can significantly enhance the stability of the strengthening system in moist and chemically aggressive atmospheres, or in applications where vapor conformity of the strengthening system is necessary.

Properties of FRCM

FRCM systems are externally bonded strengthening systems which contain a fabric mesh implanted in a cementitious matrix. Identical to FRP systems, the fabric in an FRCM system bears the pressures transmitted from the concrete or masonry substrate via the cementitious matrix. The fabric usually includes meshes formed with carbon, alkali-resistant glass, basalt, or polymeric fibers (like polyparaphenylene benzobisoxazole, PBO), or hybrid systems.

The cementitious matrix applied in FRCM is non-shrinkable and executable in order that it can be smoothly shoveled as well as pervade the fabric mesh openings. Both hydraulic and non-hydraulic cements are applied. Sands graded superiorly (grain size less than 0.02 inch) can make the functionality of the fresh mix better as well as the saturation of the fabric mesh. The water-to-mortar ratio by weight generally varies from 15% and 25%. The mortar mix contains chopped fibers to lessen cracking that may occur due to compression in plastic. Organic compounds are also applied to manage the hardening rate and the functionality of the fresh mix, to enhance the bond to the fabric mesh, and to improve the mechanical properties. The fiber content is usually restricted to below 5% by weight of cement to achieve a fireproof matrix.

To read the complete article, click here.

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How to determine Shear Force & Bending Moment Equations for a beam

This informative construction video briefly explains how to determine equation for shear force & bending moment as well as how to sketchup their diagrams.

The shear force at a segment of a beam denotes the force that shears off the section and is procured like the algebraic sum of all forces together with the reactions functioning normal to the axis of the beam both to the left or right of the beam. As the beam is a inflexible structure, the force will be transmitted internally all along the beam. This internal force is called shear force.

Shear and bending moment diagrams belong to analytical tools applied in combination with structural analysis to facilitate accomplishing structural design by finding out the value of shear force and bending moment at a specified point of a structural element like a beam. These diagrams are used to define the type, size, and material of a structural member efficiently in a structure with the purpose of supporting a specified set of loads devoid of structural failure. Shear and moment diagrams are also useful to find out the deflection of a beam easily by applying either the moment area method or the conjugate beam method.

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Importance of Augmented Reality (AR) Technology in Construction

With the emergence of Augmented reality (AR) technology, the process for designing and constructing a building is changed significantly.

AR is the latest technology that forms a compound view of real world atmospheres, overlaying an image produced through the user’s own real world view.

If AR applications are integrated with a smart device or wearable technology, it can generate a real scale 3D model of a building or particular room combined with your environments.

AR also facilitates the construction teams and consultants to significantly enhance the understanding of design discrepancies, outstanding tasks, safety issues, imperfect works and numerous other site-related variables.

If virtual reality allows the designers to visualize the appearance of a structure on a screen, AR leverages the real world to facilitate the user to perfectly preview how all the diverse areas of a plan organized together.

So, it becomes easier to detect conflict in design before the development of actual construction. Huge time is saved and risk is minimized. Therefore, the profitability of project is increased.

All the activities associated with construction site, which range from accomplishing and appraising a defect as well as notifying everyone of a safety issue, can be recorded and carried in a real world setting.

AR not only enhances the usability of site-related data, but also facilitate a uninterrupted user interaction and collaborative efforts in real-time.

As AR and GPS technology become superior, go into a construction site every day and being guided to the location of your outstanding tasks become possible.

Construction management platforms offer a superior level of collaboration amid all project stakeholders and this type of real time control can accomplish tasks more speedily.

By linking defects management functionality with AR elements, the process for recording, allocating and handling defects will be changed significantly.

With AR, a user can formulate and allocate real time data at the time of walking around a construction site, and generate tags noticeable to other users.

One can walk into a room through smart glasses and view all of the outstanding issues associated with that room by viewing AR tags. This will significantly improve the project quality and also the consciousness of possible safety concerns.

To read the complete article, click here.

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Building Construction: Principles, Materials and Systems” – An exclusive construction book for civil engineering students

Medan Mehta, Walter Scarborough and Diane Armpriest have published an exclusive construction book alias Building Construction: Principles, Materials and Systems. The book is available in paperback version.

Madan Mehta, B.Arch., M.Bdg.Sc., Ph.D., P.E., is a faculty member at the School of Architecture, University of Texas at Arlington. Walter R. Scarborough, CSI, SCIP, AIA, is Vice President and Regional Manager for Hall Building Information Group, LLC. Diane Armpriest, M.L.A., M. Arch., is Associate Professor and Chair, Faculty of Architecture and Interior Design, College of Art and Architecture, University of Idaho.

The science of building construction and design is changing in a rapid pace than earlier stage. The second edition of this outstanding text is created on the basis of the earlier version. It combines the most recent updates available, highlights numerous new pieces of artwork and is available with full color. The book is published by an author team having several years of experience in architecture, building construction, engineering and teaching, Building Construction: Principles, Materials and Systems 2nd Edition is a wide-ranging and completely demonstrated introduction to construction methods and materials.

Primarily this construction book focuses on principles of construction in part one and materials and systems of construction in part two. This organization promotes a clear-cut understanding of general concepts prior to advancing to more complicated concepts. Point up to a visual approach to learning, it comprises over 1,400 original examples and an additional large trim size (9” x 12”) that offers an open and inviting layout for engineering students.

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Give an elegant look and style to your house with these 17 various types of Roof Designs

While going to develop a new house or redecorating an existing one, it is important to select the exact type of roof but it is very complicated. Roofs not only safeguard a house and its occupants from outside harmful components but also arrange some extra space to transform your home more energy efficient, and facilitate delivering some natural light. Roofs also play a vital role in characterizing the overall look and style of a house.

This construction video highlights 17 various types of roof designs which are generally utilized in building designs, architecture and home construction. The video will provide great advantages to the architects, building designers and custom home builders.

Generally flat roofs and pitched roofs are very popular but there are various types of gradations and styles for each.

This video will assist you to ultimately recognize and detect the best type of a roof shape or structure for your home:

To get more design ideas on construction, visit  www.homebuildingandrepairs.com/design/index.html

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Polycarbonate Multiwall Sheet is considered as the most suitable construction material for your roof

The strength of roofing must be strong enough for any residential, commercial or industrial structure. Selection of perfect roofing material is crucial to specify whether roof is strong or feeble. Polycarbonate multiwall sheets are ideal for providing stronger & most affordable roofing solutions.

Roofs are affected with various weather conditions like rain, heat, wind all through the season. Multiwall polycarbonate sheets can easily withstand all these natural hazards like rain, ice, wind, hail and snow. Besides, they are also good fire resistant.

Multiwall polycarbonate sheets are light weight and extremely flexible require easy process for installation processes. No extra equipment or tools are required to set up your roof. Besides, the flexibility allows in developing innovative contemporary designs of the roofs.

Thermal insulation and up to 80% light transmission are some of the most significant features of these sheets. For this reason, they are mostly utilized in skywalks, greenhouses, roof lights, swimming pool shades and many other areas where light is essential devoid of the injurious UV radiation of the sun. Polycarbonate greenhouse panels are very popular among those who want the superior roofing solution for their greenhouses to offer the best environment for their delicate plants.

Polycarbonate multiwall sheets are available in diverse categories like twin wall, triple wall and five wall sheets. The application of these types of roofs can be found in skylights, pergolas, greenhouses, skywalks, stadium roofing, carports, railway station roofing and indoor partitions.

Ref.: medium.com

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How to create your own concrete form with x-carve 3d carving machine & Easel software

This construction video shows detailed processes to build concrete form with the use of 3d carving machine x-carve and another supportive construction software called Easel. Easel is the all-encompassing software solution for 3D carving.

In simple term, concrete form is described as a solid barrier or mould in which the concrete is poured to retain concrete in proper position or pushes concrete to take on a definite shape. Wood concrete forms are mostly recognized for developing concrete slabs, patios, driveways, walkways etc.

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Brief explanation of wall footing design

Wall footing design is performed on the basis of some theories which must be taken into consideration at the time of designing. The first theory is to examine the soil pressure that is circulated linearly all through design process. This can be obtained, if resultant of soil pressure conforms with the resultant of soil force. Due to this, rotation of footing can be prevented. Usually, the following strength design method is applied while designing the footings.

WALL FOOTING DESIGN EXAMPLE STATEMENT

A 10” thick wall bears a service dead load of 8k/ft and service live load of 9k/ft. At the base of footing the permissible soil pressure is 5000psf and base of footing is 5’ underneath the present ground surface. Now your responsibility is to design the wall footing for;

This construction video highlights 17 various types of roof designs which are generally utilized in building designs, architecture and home construction. The video will provide great advantages to the architects, building designers and custom home builders.

Concrete compressive strength= f’c = 3ksi

Yield strength of steel = fy = 60ksi.

Soil density = 120lb/ft3.

SOLUTION:

Note: Typically low strength of concrete in footing is applied in columns. It necessitates the use of dowel to adapt this modification in strength.

STEP 1: ESTIMATE THE SIZE OF FOOTING AND FACTORED NET PRESSURE.

At the time of designing wall footing, generally one feet strip of the wall and footing is undertaken to simplify the calculation process. The permissible soil pressure is 5ksf. The permissible net soil pressure is 5ksf. As, the thickness of footing is unknown at this stage a acceptable thickness of footing equivalent to (1-1.5)x The wall thickness can be guessed.

1.5 x 9’’ = 13.5’’ take 13’’

STEP 2: FIND THE PERMISSIBLE SOIL PRESSURE

qn=5−[(1.083times0.150)+(5−1.083)times0.120]

[q_{n}=4.367 ksf]

[Area-of-footing=frac{8+9}{4.3676}]

Try 47’’ (3.91’) Wide footing

Factored Net Pressure = qnet = 6.138ksf

STEP 3: CHECK THE TOLERABILITY OF FOOTING DEPTH AGAINST SHEAR

Only one way shear or beam shear is substantial in wall footings. The crucial section for this type of shear is at distance ‘d’ from the face of wall. Where ‘d’ denotes the actual depth of footing.

Supposing that one will use #4 bar.

d = 13 – 3 – ¼ = 9.75″

The Tributary area for one way shear

Tributary area = Shaded area for one way shear

D = H – CLEAR COVER – 1/2 BAR DIAMETER

d = 13 – 3 -1/4

d = 9.75″

To get the complete article visit 

www.engineeringintro.com/concrete/reinforced-concrete/wall-footing-design-example/

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How To Lay Bricks In Quickest Possible Time

If you want to save your crucial time in laying bricks, then you must watch this useful construction video tutorial.

Bricks are components of long-lasting masonry construction in which homogenously shaped individual units are placed in courses through mortar as the bed and binding material. They contain outstanding mass materials with superior compressive strength developed into units. Brickwork is generally left uncovered for its superb qualities. Most bricks are applied as facing materials.

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Shallow Foundation Definition & its types

A foundation is described as the lower most combined part of a structure, that is connected with the soil directly as well as securely transfers the complete load of the structure maintaining the completely strength of the structure to the soil underneath. To make a structure stable, the foundation conveys all the loads generated from the structure to the solid soil layer at specific depth, A foundation also provides lateral strength to the structure in order that it abstain from Sliding or Overturning.

There usually exist two types of Foundation a) Deep Foundation b) Shallow Foundation:

Deep Foundation: If the extent of the lower most portion of the foundation is below the depth of the lower most portion of the foundation from the top of the soil i.e. ground level then it is known as a Deep Foundation.

Deep foundation is ideal for heavily loaded structures like High Rise Buildings, Bridges and Flyovers etc. Deep foundation is required in case of the quality of the soil is inferior.

Shallow Foundation: If the extent of the lower most section of the foundation surpasses the depth of the lower most section of the foundation from the top of the soil i.e. ground level then it is known as a Shallow Foundation.

For various light and tolerably loaded structures like 5 storied residential buildings and other general type of works shallow foundation should be build up, but the soil should not contain inferior quality with extremely collapsible soil and low bearing capability.

Shallow foundation can be subcategorized on the basis of the site condition as well as type of loading and pattern.

Isolated Column Footing: Isolated Column Footing refers to a very normal type of foundation, and is useful for Framed Structure, Combined Framed and Load Bearing Structure for developing the foundation of a single column only. For all separate columns, an isolated column footing is to be constructed with. This type of foundation is available in two types - a footing containing unvarying depth at all points of the footing and a footing that is slopped from the face of the column in the direction of the edge of the footing. Sloped footing is much cost effective as compared to footing having identical depth.

Combined Footing: This footing are useful if the footing area of one column extends over the footing area of the other column. Under this type of foundation, there are two or more columns built inside a single Footing, which range from rectangular or trapezoidal based on the loading pattern on the columns to be supplied with Combined Footing. If all columns contain almost uniform load on them then Rectangular Footing is applied and if the loading diverges mostly then Trapezoidal Footing is needed, the width being larger to lesser from the side of column containing higher load the column supporting relatively lesser Loads.

To read the full article, visit technogenome.com

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How To Conduct Various Tests For Checking The Quality Of Bricks

Brick is the vital element of any building construction. To make the building durable, the quality of the brick should be judged well.

Given the below the detailed lists of tests to detect the quality of bricks. Among these tests, some are done in laboratory and the remains are on the jobsite.

Compressive strength test

Water Absorption test

Efflorescense test

Hardness test

Size, Shape and Color test

Soundness test

Structure test

Compressive strength test: This test is executed to find out the compressive strength of brick. It is also known as crushing strength of brick. Usually 5 specimens of bricks are transmitted to laboratory for testing and tested separately. Under this test a brick specimen is provided to a crushing machine and applied pressure unless it breaks. The extreme pressure that is liable for brick crushing is also considered. All five brick specimens are verified separately and average result is treated as brick's compressive/crushing strength.

Water Absorption test: Under this test bricks are weighed in dry condition. Then the bricks are submerged in fresh water for 24 hours. Once the 24 hours are completed, these are withdrawn from water and expunge with cloth. Again the brick is weighed in wet condition. The variance between weights denotes the water immersed by brick. Then the estimation is made for the percentage of water absorption.

If the brick consumes less water, the quality of the brick will be better. Good quality brick doesn't consume more than 20% water concerning its own weight.

Efflorescense test: If the bricks contain alkalies, it is injurious as they develop a gray or white coating on brick surface through moisture absorption. This type of test is useful to detect the availability of alkalis in bricks. Under this test a brick is submerged in fresh water for 24 hours and then it's withdrawn from water and kept to be dried in shade.

If the whitish coat is invisible on surface, it ensures that no alkalis are present in brick. If the whitish coat is detectable about 10% of brick surface then the existence of alkalis is in tolerable range. If it is about 50% of surface then it may be reasonable. If the alkalis are available more than 50% then the brick is rigorously influenced with alkalies.

Hardness test: Under this test, the brick surface is scratched with a solid thing and if the brick is unaffected, then the quality of the brick is good.

Size, shape and color test: Under this test, arbitrarily collected 20 bricks are demarcated as per length, width and height and then those are computed to obtain the deviation of sizes according to standard. Bricks are carefully monitored to verify if its edges are sharp and straight and undeviating in shape. A superior quality brick must contain bright and unvarying color throughout.

Soundness test: Under this test two bricks are retained with both hands and hit with one another. If there is apparent metallic ringing sound and the bricks don't break then the quality of bricks are good.

Structure test: Under this test, a brick is cracked or a cracked brick is gathered and narrowly inspected. If there exist any flows, cracks or holes on that cracked face then that refers to inferior quality brick.

Ref : www.acivilengineer.com

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Follow this unique construction process for installing ceramic tiles on a floor efficiently

This is a handy construction video provided by Kurd Engineer. This is a vital video for every civil engineer. Learn how to optimize ceramic tile installation procedure on a floor to save huge time and construction cost.

Ceramic tile is considered as the most flexible and sturdy finishing material that can be used in floor or wall covering.

Tiles walls can combat with moisture and deal with scrubbing easily as compared to drywall or other materials.

So ceramic tile is a perfect choice for humid bathrooms and kitchens where there are possibilities for cooking splatters.

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Types Of Wall Systems

The construction professionals should have good knowledge on the types of walls as they play an important role for developing a wall.

Based on the types of walls, the walls must be built with the intension of supporting or partition. Walls are considered as the most vital element of the building. The most vital aspect of the walls are to encircle or to distribute space of the building. Walls offer privacy, safety as well as safeguard the building from scorching sun, heat, rain and cold. Walls give support to the roofs and floors.

Various characteristics of walls :-

(i) The walls must have been strong.

(ii) It should contain strength and durability

(iii) The walls should contain strong fire resistance capability.

(iv) The walls should have weather resistance capacity.

(v) The walls must be thermal and sound insulated.

Walls are considered as the vertical load bearing member. The width of the walls surpass four times of the thickness.

Different types of walls :-

1.Load Bearing Walls

2.Non-Load Bearing Walls

1.Load Bearing Walls:-

These types of walls are developed to bear super-imposed loads, other than their own weight. The load bearing walls are categorized into following types of walls.

(i)Solid Masonry Walls –

These walls are constructed with separate blocks of materials like bricks, concrete blocks, stones. It is developed with horizontal courses as well as cemented the materials through suitable mortar. In solid masonry walls, the walls are built in concerning the similar type all over its thickness.

(ii)Cavity Walls

These types of walls contain two leaves, in which each leaf is formed with structural units and disjointed through a cavity and connected together with metal ties to make sure that the two leaf performs as one structural units.

(iii)Faced Walls:-

In these types of walls, the facing and backing are supported with two different materials which are merged together to guarantee common action under load.

(iv)Veneered Walls:-

In these types of walls, the facing is affixed to the backing but is not attached so that they cause a common action under load.

2.Non-Load Bearing Walls:-

These walls only bear their own load. They are usually applied as partition walls. The external non-load bearing walls, associated with frame structure, is known as panel walls. It is again categorized with various types of walls :-

(i)Partition Walls :- Partition walls belong to the narrow walls which are developed to separate the space in the building into rooms or areas. They range from either load bearing walls or non-load bearing walls.

(ii)Party Walls :- Party walls refer to those types of walls which isolates adjacent buildings pertaining to various owners or occupied by different persons.

(iii)Separating Walls :- These walls divide diverse occupying thing inside the similar building.

(iv)Curtain Walls :- These types of walls are termed as self supporting walls which do not bear no other vertical loads but depending on lateral loads.

(v)Cross Walls :- It is the specific form of load bearing walls in which the loads are supported with the internal walls.

Ref : explorecivil.net

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Watch The Demo Of Advance Steel, A Powerful 3D BIM Steel Detailing Software

The following video clips from Graitec demonstrate the functionalities of Advance steel to develop a building instantly.

Advance Steel is a powerful BIM based software that offers streamlined solution to 3D steel detailing. It contains automated and comprehensible tools for generating the 3D model of any building in the best time. Besides, these tools can be utilized for purlins, side rails, automatic connections, stairs, railings and lots other. The tools can produce portal frames as well as various cladding profiles.

Advance Steel detailing software is developed on the basis of the popular AutoCAD platform. The software offers huge benefits to Structural engineering professionals to speed up the process for design, steel detailing, steel fabrication, and steel construction.

The most updated version is Advance Steel 2017and to use the newest version, one should subscribe to AutoCAD 2017.

Advance Steel offers the following advanced features :-

Parametric connections

Model steel rapidly with a library packed with ready-to-use connections.

Steel shop drawings

Apply adjustable templates to produce superior-quality drawings.

Revit interoperability

Apply a BIM process from design to fabrication.

Stairs, railings, and cage ladders

Model diverse steel work more faster.

Choose and view parts of a model

Isolate and demonstrate selected components.

Bidirectional link with Revit

Accelerate time to fabrication through model synchronization with Revit.

AutoCAD Plant 3D interoperability

Incorporate real-time workflow.

Robot Structural Analysis interoperability

Make optimal use of your structure through bidirectional links.

Click on the following link to get all the features :-

www.autodesk.com/products/advance-steel/features/all/gallery-view

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How To Build A Home In Just 8 Weeks With The Use Of Precast Concrete Panels

This construction video explains the construction processes which are applied to develop Precast Concrete Homes. The video demonstrates how precast concrete panels are used to make the building stronger as well as how a conventional 4 bedroom home can be developed in 8 weeks. This type of construction material is better than brick veneer as it can transform the process 16 weeks more rapidly. By applying this construction material, the owners can get possession of their home quickly and builders will be able to accomplish lots of projects in every year.

The concrete walls are most suitable as these offer superior thermal and acoustic insulation. Besides, they are also enormously durable. They can easily withstand cyclones, floods, earthquakes and ground movements. They are ideal for bushfire prone areas because they outdo the Australian Bushfire Standard (AS3959) for the highest “Flame Zone” category.

Precast concrete wall systems are built with different types of shapes, and wall types. Usually, precast concrete wall systems belong to three basic categories: solid, sandwich and thin-shell. These are panelized and founded in either a horizontal or vertical position and applied in all types of structures ranging from residential to commercial, institutional to industrial. Wall panels are designed as nonloadbearing or loadbearing, sustaining floor and roof loads along with lateral loads.

Advantages of Precast Concrete Wall Panels

A precast concrete panel provides a wide array of advantages. The sandwich construction method applied with the precast concrete walls enhances the strength and sound insulation, as well as superior safeguard against possible hazards like fires. Precast concrete panels also offer energy-saving advantages. As the concrete wall panels are segregated with a layer of thermal insulation, the precast concrete wall panel system leads to increase energy performance, which can in turn assist to reduce complete costs.

For designers, insulated wall panels offer incredible elasticity. The accessibility of various finishes, textures, shapes, and colors provide a plenty of innovative options to execute any design virtually.

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